农学最新文献

{"title":"Progress on the role of eicosanoids in insect immunity.","authors":"Yi-Min Zhao, Rui-Xuan Li, Zi-Yi Qin, Yong Wang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-282","DOIUrl":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-282","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eicosanoids are synthesized from arachidonic acid, which are oxygenated metabolites of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids through cyclooxygenases (COXs) or lipoxygenases (LOXs). Eicosanoids include prostaglandins (PGs), thromboxanes (TXs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and leukotrienes (LTs), etc. Eicosanoids mediate a number of physiological processes in insects, such as Malpighian tubule and ovary development, or immune response. They play the important roles in regulating cellular immune processes to clear bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses by hemocytes and the humoral immune pathways. In this review, we summarize the pathways of eicosanoids synthesis, different types of insect immune response and relationship between eicosanoids and humoral immune system. Understanding the role of eicosanoids in insect immune system, and key enzymes or inhibitors in the pathway of eicosanoids synthesis, will provide theoretical guide for the research in pathogen and insects interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"636-649"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide analysis and stress-responsive expression profiling of the LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) gene family in wild peanut","authors":"Jiang Huanhuan ,&nbsp;Chen Qiangbin ,&nbsp;Wang Tong ,&nbsp;Chen Gang","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins generally accumulate in seeds during the later stages of maturation. Here we studied the LEA genes in two wild peanut species (<em>Arachis duranensis</em> and <em>Arachis ipaensis</em>) in an effort to create a genetic resource for peanut crop improvement. we identified 65 <em>AdLEA</em> and 69 <em>AiLEA</em> genes representing all 8 LEA subfamilies, which were unevenly distributed across 10 peanut chromosomes. The majority of LEA proteins were found to be highly hydrophilic. MEME analysis indicated that LEA gene motifs were conserved within groups, but not between groups. The LEA genes contained a diverse array of stress- and phytohormone-responsive <em>cis</em>-acting elements, with the <em>AdLEA2-20</em> and <em>AiLEA2-20</em> genes containing the greatest number of elements. Both <em>AdLEA2-20</em> and <em>AiLEA2-20</em> were upregulated in response to cold temperatures, drought, salinity, and abscisic acid exposure, although the dynamics were tissue-dependent. This study lays the foundation for future studies on the LEA gene family and abiotic stress in peanut, and our results will be invaluable for the genetic improvement of peanut by characterizing the genetic resources of wild peanut species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application and progress of proximity labeling technology in the study of protein-protein interactions.","authors":"Xin-Ru Xu, Ben-Hua Qiu, Xiu-Min Yan","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Protein-protein interactions are essential to almost all biological processes within cells. In recent years, proximity labeling technology has emerged as a cutting-edge approach for studying protein interactions and subcellular compartment proteomics. This technique enables labeling and capture of neighboring proteins by introducing chemical tags in the vicinity of a target protein. When combined with mass spectrometry, proximity labeling facilitates the effective identification of protein-protein interactions and proteomic landscapes of subcellular compartments with high spatiotemporal resolution. Compared to traditional methods, proximity labeling offers superior resolution, sensitivity, and real-time tracking capabilities，making it a powerful tool for investigating protein functions, interactions, and spatial proteomics within cells. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the principles, classifications, and applications of proximity labeling technology, aiming to offer researchers valuable insights into this innovative methodology and to promote its broader application in cell biology, proteomics, and the study of disease mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"625-635"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic analysis and identification of candidate genes for a narrow and long grain mutant (<i>nlg1</i>) in rice.","authors":"Nian Guo, Chen-Jie Wang, Zhao Li, Nan-Nan Han, Chen Zhou, Kai-Ying Wang, Ke Huang, Yong-Qing Pan, Ying-Jie Li, Yun-Hai Li","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grain size is one of the components that determine the rice yield. Exploring more key genes that regulating grain size and analyzing their molecular mechanisms are of great importance for precision breeding of rice. In this study, we screened a mutant <i>nlg1</i>(narrow and long <u>g</u>rain 1) with narrow and long grains by mutagenizing the japonica rice variety ZH11 with EMS. Observation and statistical analysis of the outer surface of the mature glume of <i>nlg1</i> by scanning electron microscopy revealed an increased number of longitudinal cells and a decreased number of transverse cells, along with a reduction in the width of transverse cells. These findings suggest that <i>NLG1</i> may regulate grain size by simultaneously influencing the proliferation and expansion of lemma cells. The candidate gene was cloned by genome resequencing combined with MutMap analysis method. The results showed that the candidate gene of LOC_Os09g27590 was the previous reported gene, <i>GS9</i>, which encodes a protein with unknown domains. In the <i>nlg1</i> mutant, a base C was inserted in the first exon of the candidate gene of LOC_Os09g27590, causing a frameshift mutation that leads to premature termination of protein translation. Further genetic complementation experiments showed that <i>NLG1</i> rescued the phenotype of the <i>nlg1</i> mutant. Therefore, this study identifies a novel <i>GS9</i> allele mutation, and further dissection of its molecular regulatory networks in grain size control can provides a theoretical support and genetic resources for precise rice breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"672-680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the biochemical composition and potential applications of sesame seeds and seed cake: a decade overview","authors":"Anwesha Mahajan ,&nbsp;Vaishali Roy ,&nbsp;Paras Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (83%–90%) in Asia, Africa. The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%), dietary fiber (15%–20%), carbohydrate (14%–20%), polyunsaturated fatty acids, and micronutrients. It also contains lignans like sesamol, sesamin, and sesamolin, which protect the oil from oxidative rancidity. The seed also provides seed cake with nutritional value after oil extraction, which is used as a biopolymer in the applications of food packaging, bakery, and confectionary industries, as well as in the preparation of edible and coating films. It can replace commercial expanded polystyrene, which is non-biodegradable in nature. Being the richest source of nutrients, sesame seeds and oilseed cakes have been implemented in different food processing industries. The present review focused on the comprehensive study of biochemical compositions, anti-nutrients, phytochemicals, and antioxidants of sesame seeds and seed cakes and their applications in foods industries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 144-153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of KASP markers for FT family genes in soybean","authors":"Hui Jiang ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Yanhui Sun ,&nbsp;Peiguo Wang ,&nbsp;Lixin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mahmoud Naser ,&nbsp;Shi Sun ,&nbsp;Jidao Du ,&nbsp;Tianfu Han","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a key regulator of photoperiod pathway, plays a pivotal role in modulating flowering time and growth period-related traits in plants. In this study, we identified 10 FT family genes in soybean and examined their functional divergences through sequence alignment analysis. Phylogenetic and amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the 92nd residue and the Segment B domain (sites 129, 131, 134, 135) are the critical determinants of potential functional divergence and activity variation among <em>GmFT</em>. Using the SoyOmics website, we detected natural variations in the genomic and promoter regions of <em>GmFTs,</em> along with numerous haplotypes. By correlating these haplotypes with flowering time, we identified 7 potential KASP markers associated with soybean growth period: <em>GmFT1a-60297360</em>, <em>GmFT1b-60311669</em>, <em>GmFT2a-31695562</em>, <em>GmFT2b-31739433</em>, <em>GmFT3a-4106476</em>, <em>GmFT5a-4078626</em>, <em>and GmFT5b-37490962</em>. All KASP markers exhibited high selection efficiency (97.56%–100.00%) and reliable genotyping accuracy when validated across 82 soybean varieties spanning multiple maturity groups (MGs). This study systematically elucidates the functional divergence of <em>GmFTs</em> and develops efficient KASP markers, providing essential technological support for photoperiod-adaptive breeding and germplasm innovation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 30-100 patrilineal nomenclature system for eastern Eurasian populations.","authors":"Hui-Xin Yu, Xian-Peng Zhang, Lan-Hai Wei","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-302","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the universality of human patrilineal societies, strict adherence to the patrilineal inheritance law, and a relatively fast mutation rate (about one new branch every 70 years), the non-recombining region of the human Y-chromosome (NRY) can rapidly accumulate specific patrilineal branches that are specific to certain region, population, family, and family branch, making the Y-chromosome one of the powerful tools for studying the evolutionary history of human populations. However, early studies typically only included a limited number of SNP loci, and the classification systems in different articles varied, resulting in insufficient resolution for the evolutionary process of populations. Since 2015, with the rapid accumulation of whole-genome sequence data, the resolution of the human Y chromosome phylogenetic tree at the population level has approached its limit. In this study, we analyze the relevant research on the human Y chromosome in the past 30 years. Based on the currently highly detailed data, we identify 50 major patrilineal types or founder patrilineal types that are directly related to the origin and evolution of 16 population groups in eastern Eurasia. Furthermore, we construct a 30-100 classification system that is compatible with the diverse traditional classification systems in the past 30 years and the current most detailed phylogenies. This system takes into account both the macroscopic genetic structure of eastern Eurasian populations over a timescale of tens of thousands of years and the specific lineages directly related to the several-thousand-year history of modern ethnic groups, laying the foundation for more precise studies of the evolutionary process of ancient and modern populations in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"660-671"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance of sulphur in oilseed production – A South Asian context","authors":"V. Visha Kumari ,&nbsp;K.A. Gopinath ,&nbsp;M.A. Sarath Chandran ,&nbsp;B. Sunitha ,&nbsp;K. Sriram ,&nbsp;M.A. Ansari ,&nbsp;M.S. Rao ,&nbsp;V.K. Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulphur (S) is essential for the quality of oilseed crops, ranking as the fourth major nutrient after nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). While crops need sulphur in slightly lower amounts than phosphorus, maintaining optimum sulphur levels is crucial for oilseed yield and quality. Factors such as sulphur dynamics, impact of deficiency, application methods, and climate change must be addressed to improve agricultural practices. In South Asian countries like India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, oilseeds are vital to the agricultural economy, supporting food security, livelihoods, and economic growth. However, climate change, marginal land cultivation, and a shift to more profitable crops like wheat and maize have led to a decline in oilseed productivity. Sulphur is particularly important for vital plant functions, including protein synthesis, chlorophyll formation, and resistance to abiotic stress. Proper management of sulphur can significantly enhance the yield, oil content, and seed quality. Sulphur fertilization improves crop resilience to pests, diseases, and environmental stresses, resulting in healthier plants. To optimize oilseed production, best practices for sulphur management like integrated nutrient management, regular soil testing, and the strategic application of sulphur-enriched fertilizers must be adopted. Despite its significance, many South Asian soils suffer from sulphur deficiency due to inadequate replenishment and reliance on high-analysis fertilizers. By enhancing sulphur availability, oilseed producers can significantly increase crop yields, improve oil content, and promote overall plant health, contributing to the agricultural economy and food security in the region. This manuscript aims to evaluate the critical role of sulphur in enhancing the yield, oil quality, and stress resilience of oilseed crops in South Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 118-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building MAGIC populations: Novel resources for sunflower trait improvement","authors":"M. Domínguez ,&nbsp;D. Colombo ,&nbsp;C. Filippi ,&nbsp;E. Ben Guerrero ,&nbsp;A. Dillcheneider ,&nbsp;A. Corro Molas ,&nbsp;J. Montecchia ,&nbsp;M. Fass ,&nbsp;J. Lavandera ,&nbsp;C. Troglia ,&nbsp;V. Lia ,&nbsp;J. Gonzalez ,&nbsp;D. Alvarez ,&nbsp;G. Cervigni ,&nbsp;N. Paniego","doi":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ocsci.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiparent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) populations improve the accuracy of quantitative trait loci mapping compared to biparental populations by increasing diversity and reducing linkage disequilibrium between variants. Here we describe the development of two MAGIC populations derived from a cross of 11 founder lines from the INTA (National Institute for Agricultural Technology in Argentina) sunflower breeding program. The founder lines are fertility maintainer inbred lines that exhibit genetic diversity in several traits, including flowering cycle, plant architecture, disease resistance, oil content and oil quality. The crossing scheme applied follows the design of two-way, four-way and eight-way crosses with a modification to increase the number of recombinations and shorten the linkage disequilibrium. Phenotyping a subset of F₂ families and F₅ lines for different traits shows an increase in the diversity of the analyzed traits compared to the parental lines. In addition, we identified lines with transgressive segregation for Sunflower Verticillium Wilt resistance. These results confirm that the MAGIC populations will serve as unique genetic and genomic resources to better characterize the genetics of complex traits and identify potentially superior alleles for sunflower breeding. It will also enrich the gene pool of fertility maintainers (A/B line) of the sunflower germplasm and facilitate the introduction of new breeding methods to select female parents for use in AxR combinations to obtain superior sunflower hybrids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34095,"journal":{"name":"Oil Crop Science","volume":"10 2","pages":"Pages 131-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progresses on the prevalence and mechanism of vancomycin- resistant bacteria.","authors":"Yao Shen, Zhi-Yu Li, Feng-Cheng Miao, Ying-Ping Xiao, Hua Yang, Ya-Li Dang, Jian-Gang Ma","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, serves as the last-resort treatment for infections caused by methicillin- resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococci</i> (VRE), and Clostridium difficile. However, the emergence of various vancomycin-resistant bacterial strains worldwide poses a significant challenge to clinical therapy. Adopting the \"One Health\" concept, we mainly present the prevalence of vancomycin-resistant bacteria over the past decade from 40 human, animal, environmental, and food sources across various regions, both domestically and internationally. The statistical results indicate that vancomycin-resistant bacteria are primarily concentrated in hospitals and their surrounding environments. The prevalence of resistant bacteria in hospital wastewater in South Africa reaches as high as 96.77%, followed by Pakistan and China's Taiwan region, where the resistance rates are 56.5% and 29.02%, respectively. The vancomycin average resistance rate in domestic human-source bacteria (1.41%) is overall higher than that in international human-source bacteria (0.47%). The prevalence of resistant bacteria in pediatric patients across various regions is relatively low (<1%). It is worth noting that although the use of vancomycin is prohibited in livestock farming, vancomycin- resistant bacteria can still be detected in livestock, related products and environment, posing a potential threat to human health. Based on the statistical analysis results, we summarize several common vancomycin resistance mechanisms and the transmission mechanisms, and clarify the differences in the prevalence of resistant bacteria across the \"human-animal-food-environment\" interface for further analyzing the distribution and transmission risks of vancomycin-resistant bacteria in different hosts worldwide. This review can also provide references for the prevention and control of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 6","pages":"650-659"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}