农学最新文献

{"title":"Atypical RXLR effectors are involved in Phytophthora cactorum pathogenesis","authors":"Zeyang Zheng,&nbsp;Juanjuan Liu,&nbsp;Wenzhong You,&nbsp;Jun Sun,&nbsp;Kehan Wang,&nbsp;Xuemei Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyu Yan,&nbsp;Zhenpan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s42994-025-00198-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-025-00198-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RXLR effectors are pathogenic factors secreted from oomycetes to manipulate the immunity of the host. Typical RXLR effectors contain an RXLR-dEER motif at the N-terminus, whereas atypical RXLRs show variations on this motif. The oomycete <i>Phytophthora cactorum</i> is known to infect over 200 plant species, resulting in significant agricultural economic losses. Although genome-wide identification and functional analyses of typical RXLRs from <i>P. cactorum</i> have been performed, little is known of atypical PcaRXLRs. Here, we identified RXLRs, both typical and atypical, in <i>P. cactorum</i> and compared them with those of other oomycete pathogens. Fewer RXLRs were identified in <i>P. cactorum</i> compared with other <i>Phytophthora</i> species, possibly due to fewer duplication events of RXLRs. In contrast, the percentage of atypical RXLRs was higher in <i>P. cactorum</i> than in other species, suggesting significant roles in <i>P. cactorum</i> pathogenesis. Analysis of RXLR gene expression showed that most were transcribed, suggesting their functionality. Transient expression of two atypical RXLRs in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> showed that they induced necrosis dependent on host SGT1 and HSP90. Furthermore, two additional atypical RXLRs suppressed the defense response in <i>N. benthamiana</i> and promoted <i>P. cactorum</i> infection. These results demonstrate the vital role of atypical RXLRs in <i>P. cactorum</i> and provide valuable information on their evolutionary patterns and interactions with host plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 1","pages":"50 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-025-00198-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging strategies to improve heat stress tolerance in crops","authors":"Jiawei Xiong,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Zhaohui Zhong,&nbsp;Shigui Li,&nbsp;Peng Qin","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00195-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00195-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The heat stress (HS) response in plants involves complex processes at the molecular, cellular, and whole-organism levels. Sensitivity to HS differs based on the species and developmental stage of the plant, making it challenging to define HS and its impacts. Efforts to enhance HS tolerance by traditional breeding are constrained by limited genetic resources, but understanding the mechanisms that regulate HS responses can enable efforts to improve heat tolerance by precision breeding and gene editing. Here, we review recent research on the effects of HS on major cereal crops at different developmental stages and identify key genes potentially involved in the HS response, offering insight for precision molecular breeding. Additionally, we discuss the use of favorable natural variants and gene editing to improve crop tolerance to HS, emphasizing the value of alleles involved in thermomemory, combined stress tolerance, and the stress response–growth balance. This review aims to summarize recent advancements in understanding HS responses in crops, highlighting potential avenues for generating heat-tolerant crops.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 1","pages":"97 - 115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00195-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant metabolomics: applications and challenges in the era of multi-omics big data","authors":"Yingchen Hao,&nbsp;Zhonghui Zhang,&nbsp;Enxi Luo,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Shouchuang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-024-00194-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-024-00194-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant metabolites are crucial for the growth, development, environmental adaptation, and nutritional quality of plants. Plant metabolomics, a key branch of systems biology, involves the comprehensive analysis and interpretation of the composition, variation, and functions of these metabolites. Advances in technology have transformed plant metabolomics into a sophisticated process involving sample collection, metabolite extraction, high-throughput analysis, data processing, and multidimensional statistical analysis. In today’s era of big data, the field is witnessing an explosion in data acquisition, offering insight into the complexity and dynamics of plant metabolism. Moreover, multiple omics strategies can be integrated to reveal interactions and regulatory networks across different molecular levels, deepening our understanding of plant biological processes. In this review, we highlight recent advances and challenges in plant metabolomics, emphasizing the roles for this technique in improving crop varieties, enhancing nutritional value, and increasing stress resistance. We also explore the scientific foundations of plant metabolomics and its applications in medicine, and ecological conservation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 1","pages":"116 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-024-00194-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 6.49-Mb inversion associated with the purple embryo spot trait in potato","authors":"Pei Wang,&nbsp;Lin Cheng,&nbsp;Jun Pan,&nbsp;Lianlian Ma,&nbsp;Xiaojing Hu,&nbsp;Zhong Zhang,&nbsp;Dawei Li,&nbsp;Yanhui Zhu,&nbsp;Shiwei Chang,&nbsp;Pingping Yuan,&nbsp;Philip Kear,&nbsp;Ludivine Lassois,&nbsp;Guangtao Zhu,&nbsp;Sanwen Huang,&nbsp;Hui Du,&nbsp;Chunzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s42994-025-00197-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s42994-025-00197-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The embryo spot trait leads to a deep purple or reddish coloration at the base of the cotyledons of the embryo, visible on both sides of flat potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) seeds. This trait has long been used by potato researchers and breeders as a morphological marker during dihaploid induction. The formation of embryo spots reflects the accumulation of anthocyanins, but the genetic basis of this trait remains unclear. In this study, we mapped the embryo spot trait to a 6.78-Mb region at the end of chromosome 10 using an F₂ population derived from a cross between spotted and spotless plants. The recombination rate in the candidate region is severely suppressed, posing challenges for the map-based cloning of the underlying gene and suggesting large-scale rearrangements in this region. A de novo genome assembly of the spotted individual and a comparative genomic analysis to the reference genome of spotless potato revealed a 6.49-Mb inversion present in the spotted plant genome. The left breakpoint of this inversion occurred in the promoter region of an R2R3 MYB transcription factor gene that is highly expressed in the cotyledon base of spotted embryos but is not expressed in that of spotless embryos. This study elucidated the genetic basis for embryo spot formation in potato and provides a foundation for future cloning of the causative gene.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":53135,"journal":{"name":"aBIOTECH","volume":"6 1","pages":"22 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42994-025-00197-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143564437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The whole-genome dissection of root system architecture provides new insights for the genetic improvement of alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.).","authors":"Xueqian Jiang, Xiangcui Zeng, Ming Xu, Mingna Li, Fan Zhang, Fei He, Tianhui Yang, Chuan Wang, Ting Gao, Ruicai Long, Qingchuan Yang, Junmei Kang","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae271","DOIUrl":"10.1093/hr/uhae271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Appropriate root system architecture (RSA) can improve alfalfa yield, yet its genetic basis remains largely unexplored. This study evaluated six RSA traits in 171 alfalfa genotypes grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. We also analyzed five yield-related traits in normal and drought stress environments and found a significant correlation (0.50) between root dry weight (RDW) and alfalfa dry weight under normal conditions (N_DW). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using 1 303 374 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to explore the relationships between RSA traits. Sixty significant SNPs (-log _<b>10</b> (<i>P</i>) ≥ 5) were identified, with genes within the 50 kb upstream and downstream ranges primarily enriched in GO terms related to root development, hormone synthesis, and signaling, as well as morphological development. Further analysis identified 19 high-confidence candidate genes, including AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORs (ARFs), LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES-DOMAIN (LBD), and WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX). We verified that the forage dry weight under both normal and drought conditions exhibited significant differences among materials with different numbers of favorable haplotypes. Alfalfa containing more favorable haplotypes exhibited higher forage yields, whereas favorable haplotypes were not subjected to human selection during alfalfa breeding. Genomic prediction (GP) utilized SNPs from GWAS and machine learning for each RSA trait, achieving prediction accuracies ranging from 0.70 for secondary root position (SRP) to 0.80 for root length (RL), indicating robust predictive capability across the assessed traits. These findings provide new insights into the genetic underpinnings of root development in alfalfa, potentially informing future breeding strategies aimed at improving yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":57479,"journal":{"name":"园艺研究(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"uhae271"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11725648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: introducing dedication reviews-broad reviews in plant and horticultural sciences.","authors":"Zong-Ming Max Cheng","doi":"10.1093/hr/uhae358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/hr/uhae358","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":57479,"journal":{"name":"园艺研究(英文)","volume":"12 1","pages":"uhae358"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143070003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why should we stop translating \"evolution\" to \"\" and turn to use \"\" in Chinese.","authors":"Zhong-Yi Sun, Guo-Jie Zhang","doi":"10.16288/j.yczz.24-194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16288/j.yczz.24-194","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":35536,"journal":{"name":"遗传","volume":"47 1","pages":"5-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142956106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of garlic and cinnamon as an alternative to chemotherapeutic agents in controlling Saprolegnia infection in Nile tilapia","authors":"Salah M. Aly ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Elatta ,&nbsp;Asmaa A. Nasr ,&nbsp;Mohamed Fathi","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this study was to minimize the utilization of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of fungal infections in fish, as these agents can adversely impact human and animal health as well as the environment. Nile Tilapia was utilized in this study to assess the efficacy of incorporating garlic and cinnamon into their diet, aiming to enhance their immune systems and provide protection against <em>Saprolegnia</em>, a fungal pathogen that causes substantial economic losses in the fish farming industry. The findings indicated that the inclusion of garlic and cinnamon to the fish's diet enhanced their immune response and various blood parameters. Specifically, group 4, treated with 1.5% garlic, demonstrated superior outcomes compared to group 5, which received 2% garlic treatment. Additionally, group 6, subjected to 8.5% cinnamon treatment, exhibited superior hematological parameters when compared to group 7, which received 10% cinnamon treatment. Moreover, group 6 displayed the highest phagocytic activity in comparison to the remaining groups. In conclusion, garlic and cinnamon can serve as valuable immunostimulants for managing fungal infections in fish. Their inclusion in the diet enhances the immune response, consequently bolstering the fish's resistance to fungal infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 105-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76172989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The adaptation of rainbow trout to warmer water: Oxidative damage in the germinal line","authors":"Vianel Sevastei ,&nbsp;Sonia A. Crichigno ,&nbsp;M. Victoria Santos ,&nbsp;Andrea Trochine ,&nbsp;Julio C. Painefilú ,&nbsp;Noemí Zaritzky ,&nbsp;Víctor E. Cussac","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contemporary evolution was observed in a feral rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) population of a thermal stream (Valcheta) in Northern Patagonia, in terms of juvenile thermal tolerance and preferred temperature. Other authors showed that high-temperature treatment applied to male rainbow trout juveniles increased the thermal tolerance in the next generation. This implies a high mutation rate and/or a modified epigenetic inheritance. Comparisons were made among a) a rainbow trout strain adapted in terms of upper thermal tolerance and higher preferred temperature (Valcheta stream), b) a wild temperate stream population (Guillelmo stream), and c) two temperate farmed strains. We examined: Oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; Catalase (CAT), Glutathione S-Transferases (GST), and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), in liver, testicle, and spermatozoa. Semen fatty acid composition, sperm morphology, sperm motility, and fertilization performance in samples before and after the application of cryopreservation procedures were also evaluated. The observed responses, mainly related to the sperm membrane, reinforces the idea that ROS can affect the germinal line of male rainbow trout juveniles subjected to high water temperature. Our results suggest that the acquired thermal tolerance traits may be part of a wide spectrum of novel characteristics produced as a consequence of an enhanced mutation rate and/or a different DNA methylation pattern, induced by higher temperatures and mediated by ROS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 68-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79417357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic effects of monocrotophos and glyphosate on the female reproductive organ and aromatase gene expression in climbing perch","authors":"Sujata Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Sundaray ,&nbsp;Lakshman Sahoo ,&nbsp;Mohd Ashraf Rather ,&nbsp;Sangita Dixit ,&nbsp;Vasam Manohar ,&nbsp;Kiran Rasal ,&nbsp;Sukanta K. Pradhan ,&nbsp;C.S.K. Mishra ,&nbsp;Dhananjaya Mishra ,&nbsp;SriangaTilak Patnaik","doi":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aaf.2023.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monocrotophos (MCP) and Glyphosate (GLY) are used as an insecticide and herbicide respectively in agricultural fields in India and other developed countries. Since agricultural fields are located close to water bodies, there is a high risk of water contamination by these chemicals with consequent residue accumulation in aquatic biota including fish. The 48 h LC50 was found to be 106 mg/L and 78 mg/L for MCP and GLY respectively. To investigate the effects of these two agrochemicals, the adult climbing perch, <em>Anabas testudineus</em> female fish were treated with 3 concentrations of MCP and GLY for 30 days. The MCP concentrations were 3.5×10^-4% (T1), 5.3×10^-4% (T2), and 10.6×10^-4% (T3) and GLY concentrations were 2.6×10^-4% (T1), 3.9×10^-4% (T2), and 7.8×10^-4% (T3). One group was kept as control. Molecular docking analysis showed that GLY interacted with brain aromatase protein at residues MET424, THR423, PRO479 with a binding energy of −10.685 and with a docking score of −4.769. In the case of MCP, the binding residues were MET424, THR423, and PHE422 ofbrain aromatase with a binding energy of −10.436 with a docking score of −2.824. Similarly, GLYinteracted with ovary aromatase at residues ASN 479, THR477, ASN 230, GLU 226, GLN 483, PRO 484, and GLU 486 with a binding energy of −10.685 and with a docking score of −5.177. In the case of MCP, the binding residues were ASP 312, THR 313, SER 481, and TRP 228 of ovary aromatase with a binding energy of −2.405 and with a docking score of - 3.372. These agrochemicals caused ovarian damage and alteration in gonadosomatic index and cytochrome P450 aromatase gene expression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36894,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture and Fisheries","volume":"10 1","pages":"Pages 79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79519788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}