生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Light Distribution, Interception and Use Efficiency of Drip-Fertigated Maize-Soybean Strip Intercropping Systems Under Various Row Configuration Conditions.","authors":"Hongtai Kou, Zhenqi Liao, Yiyao Liu, Hui Zhang, Zhenlin Lai, Jiang Yu, Zhijun Li, Junliang Fan","doi":"10.1111/pce.70031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intercropping greatly affects canopy structure compared to monocropping, which in turn leads to changes in light distribution and subsequently crop yields. However, the light distribution, interception and use efficiency of maize-soybean strip intercropping systems with various row configurations, and especially the relationships between border row proportion or band width proportion and light utilisation and grain yield are still poorly understood. A two-season (2022 and 2023) field experiment was performed on maize and soybean under drip fertigation in the arid northwest China, with eight intercropping patterns and two controls of monocropping maize and soybean. Plant growth, grain yield and canopy photosynthetically active radiation were measured, and light interception fraction was simulated using a strip crop structure model. The results showed that intercropping reduced cumulative light interception of maize and soybean by 11.2% and 81.0% on average, respectively. The cumulative light interception of intercropping system was 13.0% smaller than that of monocropping soybean, but 13.7% greater than that of monocropping maize. Intercropping decreased light use efficiency of maize by 10.2%, but increased light use efficiency of soybean by 138.8% compared to monocropping. The spatial light distribution in intercropping varied greatly in the morning, midday, and afternoon compared to that of monocropping, especially for soybean. The band width proportion was significantly correlated with cumulative light interception of both maize and soybean as well as light use efficiency and grain yield of soybean. The border row proportion was significantly correlated with aboveground biomass and grain yield of both maize and soybean as well as light use efficiency of maize. When the border row proportion of maize was high and border row proportion of soybean was moderate (i.e., two rows of maize alternating with four rows of soybean), the grain yield of intercropping system was maximised. This study provides important information for improving intercropping models and optimising light distribution in maize-soybean strip intercropping systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professor Emil Paleček: seven decades with electrodes and biomolecules at the Institute of Biophysics of the CAS.","authors":"Miroslav Fojta, Jan Paleček","doi":"10.1007/s00249-025-01771-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-025-01771-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This year we celebrate seventy years since the establishment of the Institute of Biophysics of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences (IBP) (founded on January 1, 1955). If we look into the biography of Professor Emil Paleček (born on October 3, 1930), one of the most world-recognized personalities associated with the Institute and one of the most cited Czech scientists, known as the founder of nucleic acids electrochemistry, we are drawn to the same year, i.e. 1955, as the year in which Emil Paleček finished his studies in biochemistry and joined the IBP, where he worked with admirable vitality, enthusiasm and dedication until his death (October 30, 2018). In the context of celebration of founding of the Institute, we would like to commemorate in this article a personality who significantly influenced the history of the Institute alongside the important discoveries and research directions that defined his extremely successful career. We prefer this form, which is a sort of a mini-review of the most important results of the laboratory obtained under EP's leadership over 63 years, presented in mutual context and natural relations. For his life's work, Professor Paleček received many prestigious awards, with the Czech Head Award in 2014 and the Neuron Foundation Award in 2017 being the most distinguished.</p>","PeriodicalId":548,"journal":{"name":"European Biophysics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eichhornia Genomes Illuminate the Aquatic Adaptation of the Invasive Water Hyacinth.","authors":"Kesen Zhu, Guozhu Yu, Yan Wang, Zhiqi Li, Fangyu Hu, Junjie Zhai, Liangguan Lin, Changlian Peng, Yandong Ren, Hui Xiang, Lei Gao","doi":"10.1111/pce.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70045","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Flowering High Temperature and Drought Stress Impair Wheat Yield via Physiological and Molecular Disruption of Source-Sink Dynamics and Starch Metabolism.","authors":"Qiao Li, Yangchun Ye, Demei Wang, Yanjie Wang, Min Zhang, Ruiqi Ma, Lingxin Zhang, Ruiguo Cai, Guangcai Zhao, Xuhong Chang, Xiwei Liu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enhancing wheat resilience to concurrent high-temperature (HT) and drought stress (DS) is critical for sustainable agriculture under climate change. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying their combined effects (DHS) remain poorly understood. Here, a 3-year field study evaluated post-flowering HT, DS and DHS impacts on two wheat cultivars, Zhongmai 36 (ZM36) and Jimai 22 (JM22). Yield losses under HT, DS and DHS averaged 16.9%, 15.3% and 31.7%, respectively, with DHS exhibiting supra-additive effects. Stressors reduced net photosynthetic rate (Pn), PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm) and proton conductivity (gH+/vH+) in flag leaves, leading to 18.1% lower sucrose and 42.4% reduced post-flowering photosynthetic accumulation under DHS. Furthermore, vascular bundle number and area in rachis decreased by 23.8% and 12.9% (ZM36) and 14.3% and 20.3% (JM22) under DHS, impairing sucrose transport. Transcriptomic analysis revealed downregulation of starch biosynthesis genes (AGPase, SS and GBSS) and upregulation of starch degradation genes (ISA3, BAMY2) under DHS, creating a metabolic 'sink trap'. Collectively, these multi-level findings elucidate the hierarchical disruption of source-sink coordination under combined stresses and provide actionable targets for breeding climate-resilient wheat. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Field study revealed post-flowering combined heat and drought stress caused supra-additive yield loss in wheat by impairing source-sink coordination and altering starch metabolism via downregulation of biosynthesis genes (AGPase, SS and GBSS) and upregulation of degradation genes (ISA3 and BAMY2).</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translational landscape provides insight into the molecular mechanism of heterosis in inter-subspecific hybrid rice","authors":"Zengde Xi,&nbsp;Mengyao Wang,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Jianbo Wang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heterosis has been widely applied in crop breeding and has significantly improved grain yield worldwide. Many studies have attempted to elucidate heterosis from various perspectives; however, its genetic basis—especially at the translational level—remains elusive. In this study, we performed RNA-seq and ribosome profiling on the inter-subspecific hybrid rice ZY19 (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L. subsp. <i>indica</i> Kato × <i>O. sativa</i> L. subsp. <i>japonica</i> Kato) and its parental lines to examine genome-wide translational dynamics. Differential gene expression between the hybrid and its parents revealed a strong discordance between transcriptional and translational levels, and translational regulation appeared to buffer the transcriptional differences. Although additive and non-additive gene expression patterns shifted during translation, additive expression remained the predominant pattern at the translational level in the hybrid. Moreover, a high proportion of single-parent expression genes also exhibited additive expression. In the hybrid, allele-specific expression (ASE) was differentially regulated in transcription and translation. Notably, <i>cis</i> and <i>trans</i>-regulation tended to function independently in transcription, whereas they were more likely to act together in translation. Finally, we investigated the effects of various regulatory mechanisms and elements on translation and found that genes with more alternative splicing (AS) events had a lower translational efficiency (TE) than genes with fewer AS events. In addition, translation was repressed by the upstream open reading frames (uORFs), downstream open reading frames (dORFs), N⁶-methyladenosines (m⁶As) and microRNAs (miRNAs). Overall, our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of heterosis in inter-subspecific hybrid rice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confocal imaging of the cell cycle and cytokinin signaling during gynoecium development in Arabidopsis","authors":"Juan Ramos-Pulido,&nbsp;Stefan de Folter","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In angiosperms, the gynoecium is the female reproductive structure, whose function is to contain the ovules and promote their fertilization. In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium develops from a small primordium with meristematic properties to a complex structure with internal and external specialized tissues. Due to its anatomical and developmental complexity, it is challenging to study <i>in vivo</i> the developmental processes of the gynoecium. Although efforts have been made, there are still unanswered questions, especially those related to cell proliferation of internal tissues. Here, we use confocal imaging to study the cell cycle, the proliferation of internal tissues, and the relationship with cytokinin signaling. We observed that early gynoecium proliferation is complex and with a long cell cycle dynamics. Moreover, we observed a relationship between the region of highest proliferation and maximum cytokinin signaling, a rise in proliferation attributed to BAP treatment, ectopic tissue formation with cytokinin signaling, and alterations in the gynoecium primordium in mutant lines. Together, these results provide insights into cell cycle dynamics, meristematic maintenance, and medial tissue development in the Arabidopsis gynoecium.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"122 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize ZmDLR2/BRU1 Is Required for Lateral Root Primordium Emergence by Participating in DNA Repair.","authors":"Daojun Li, Yudong Wang, Yan Li, Wenli Wang, Chunfei Wang, Xiaoqing Wang, Wenqi Zhou, Yuqian Zhou, Xiaorong Lian, Tong Li, Yang Li, Xiaomin Zhang, Chunpeng Song, Zhubing Hu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lateral roots (LRs), the primary component of the maize root system, are crucial for water and nutrient acquisition. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying LR formation and development is therefore essential for improving maize yield and stress resilience. In this study, we characterised a mutant, defective in lateral root 2-1 (dlr2-1), which displays impaired LR development and compromised drought resistance. Phenotypic analysis and RNA-seq revealed defective cell proliferation in lateral root primordia (LRP) of dlr2-1, likely attributable to DNA damage. Accordingly, the dlr2-1 mutant exhibited an activated DNA damage response. Exogenous treatment of wild-type B73 plants with genotoxic agents recapitulated the dlr2-1 phenotype, suppressing LRP emergence and reducing mature LR numbers. Positional cloning and allelic analysis pinpointed a missense mutation in DLR2, causing a leucine-to-glutamine substitution at residue 1035 (ZmDLR2^L1035Q) and accounting for the LR defects in dlr2-1. ZmDLR2 encodes a maize orthologue of Arabidopsis BRUSHY1 (BRU1), a key regulator of DNA damage repair during DNA replication. Comet assays demonstrated that dlr2-1 accumulates more severe DNA fragmentation than B73, as evidenced by an elevated tail moment, which was further aggravated under genotoxic stress. Moreover, ZmDLR2 mutation adversely affected plant height and kernel size in dlr2 mutants, leading to significant yield reduction. Collectively, our results establish that ZmDLR2 is indispensable for DNA repair and that its dysfunction activates the DNA damage response, ultimately inhibiting cell proliferation, disrupting LRP initiation and LR formation and compromising maize productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling Plant-Virus Warfare: Pattern-Triggered Immunity-Mediated Antiviral Defence and Viral Evasion Strategies.","authors":"Chuantao Xu, Xiaohua Xiang, Dong Zhang, Shengyao Wang, Honglian Li, Bingjian Sun, Hangjun Sun","doi":"10.1111/pce.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) is a fundamental defence mechanism in plants, primarily aimed at eliminating pathogens and limiting their spread. Its role in plant-virus interactions, however, has long been debated due to the unique nature of viruses, including their noncellular structure, obligate intracellular parasitism and distinct strategies for entry and movement within hosts. Recent research, though, is offering new insights into the potential involvement of PTI in combating viral infections. This review meticulously examines recent advancements in unravelling the antiviral functions of PTI during compatible plant-virus interactions. Special focus is placed on the roles of cell surface immune receptor complexes, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and hormone-mediated defence signalling. It also explores the possible mechanisms underlying plant-virus recognition, alongside the conceivable impact of ultimate immune output in reining in viral proliferation. Furthermore, the strategies viruses use to evade or suppress PTI are discussed, highlighting the dynamic interplay between plant defences and viral countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice Zinc-Finger Homeodomain 1 (OsZHD1) Finetunes Flowering Time by Modulating the Photoperiodic Response.","authors":"Yehyun Yim, Hyeryung Yoon, Sung-Hwan Cho, Lae-Hyeon Cho, Kiyoon Kang, Nam-Chon Paek","doi":"10.1111/pce.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants exhibit photoperiod sensitivity (PS), which influences flowering time in response to changes in daylength, allowing cereal crops to optimise seed production at different latitudes. Rice is a facultative short-day (SD) plant, flowering early under SD and late under long-day (LD) conditions. This study identifies the rice (Oryza sativa) Zinc-finger Homeodomain 1 (OsZHD1) as a new photoperiod regulator that modulates flowering time in response to daylength. Compared to the parental japonica cultivar, oszhd1 knockout mutants exhibited enhanced PS, resulting in flowering that occurred earlier under SD and later under LD. Conversely, transgenic rice overexpressing OsZHD1 showed a reduction in PS, resulting in delayed flowering under SD and accelerated flowering under LD. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that OsZHD1 plays a role in the Ehd1-Hd3a/RFT1 pathway for flowering induction. We found that OsZHD1 interacts with Hd1 and OsPRR37, but not with Ghd7 or DTH8. In addition, OsZHD1 binds directly to the Ehd1 promoter, potentially downregulating Ehd1 in SD and upregulating it under LD to reduce PS. SNP analysis showed that rice varieties with the japonica-type OsZHD1a allele flowered earlier than those with the indica-type OsZHD1b allele. Taken together, these results highlight a critical role of OsZHD1 in finetuning flowering time at different latitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unconventional Nitrogen Fixation and Adaptive Genomics of a New Neorhizobium glycines sp. nov., A Promising Soybean Symbiont.","authors":"Yong Long, Yansheng Li, Jing Zhang, Jiaxuan Liu, Qingqing Han, Yingxue Cao, Yijia Jiang, Changkai Liu, Yanfeng Hu, Guanghua Wang, Xueyan Zhang, Jian Jin, Mikhail Semenov, Guanran Han, Xiaobing Liu, Zhenhua Yu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}