生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Unmasking the Influence of Viral Micro-RNAs on Host Immunity","authors":"Riley J. K. Easton,&nbsp;Bernadette M. Saunders","doi":"10.1111/imcb.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of human immunity, controlling critical cellular programmes including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and immune activation to shape the host response to infection. Multiple human-infecting viruses encode their own miRNA (v-miRNA), enabling them to co-opt host gene regulatory machinery to subvert immunity, establish persistence and evade immune-mediated killing. This review synthesizes the current evidence on viral miRNAs and their roles in host–virus interactions, with an explicit focus on immune regulation. We examine how different viruses use v-miRNAs to modulate core immune functions, including antigen presentation, cytokine signaling, NK and CD8 T-cell activation, and apoptosis. We also examine how v-miRNAs manipulate viral gene expression to aid immune evasion and promote persistence. Particular emphasis is placed on experimentally validated immune targets and their clinical consequences. Collectively, these examples illustrate the convergent evolution of v-miRNA-mediated immune evasion across diverse viral families. Understanding this class of molecules will provide insight into critical immune evasion strategies employed by clinically important viruses and may identify novel targets for diagnostic and antiviral therapeutics, including antagomir-based and RNA silencing approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"104 10","pages":"964-974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.70164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149014927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Leukocyte Landscape Across Mouse Strains and Tissues","authors":"Ella Trolio,&nbsp;Sarah Dart,&nbsp;Liu Liu,&nbsp;Michaela Lucas,&nbsp;Amy Prosser","doi":"10.1111/imcb.70168","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With widespread use of mice (<i>Mus musculus</i>) in immunological research, understanding baseline immune variation between mouse models is critical. While peripheral blood immune profiles have been well-defined, strain- and sex-specific differences in leukocyte composition across other tissues remain poorly characterized. Here, we performed flow cytometric immunophenotyping of 19 leukocyte subsets and 3 T cell memory phenotypes in the blood, bone marrow, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes of seven strains of naïve adult male mice: Balb.b, BALB/c, BALB/c Ly5.1, C57BL/6J, C57BL/6J Ly5.1, BALB/c:B6J (F1), and DBA/2 J. Parallel analyses were conducted in female BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice. Each tissue contained a unique immunobiome, with conventional T and B cells enriched in the lymph nodes and spleen, unconventional T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the liver, and myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Generally, BALB-derived strains displayed a helper T cell- and innate-skewed profile, enriched for CD4 and regulatory T cells, neutrophils, and natural killer cells. C57BL/6J-derived strains were typically enriched for CD8 T cells, ILC1s, and conventional dendritic cells, consistent with a cytotoxic immune bias. Small differences were detected between congenic and parental strains. F1's exhibited a mix of C57BL/6J-biased and intermediate parental phenotypes. DBA/2 J mice were immunologically distinct, notably enriched for γδ T cells. Sex-associated differences were minor compared to strain effects. These findings provide tissue-specific benchmarks for leukocyte composition across commonly used mouse strains. They also highlight the importance of strain and sex selection and baseline immunophenotyping to support accurate interpretation of observed immune phenotypes in experimental contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"104 10","pages":"1019-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-Nucleus Transcriptomics Reveals Cell Type Specific Defence Responses and Identifies AhWRKY40 as a Key Regulator of Peanut Resistance to Sclerotium rolfsii.","authors":"Zhihui Sun, Hao Liu, Yanbin Hong, Muhammad J Umer, Wenyi Wang, Pingping Liu, Huifang Shen, Xiaoming Pu, Jingxin Zhang, Dayuan Sun","doi":"10.1111/pce.71027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.71027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peanut stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii is a devastating soil borne disease that severely constrains peanut production worldwide. Despite its economic importance, highly resistant peanut cultivars are still largely unavailable, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying peanut resistance remain poorly understood. We obtained a total of 29,308 high-quality nuclei, annotated five major cell types, and detected 52,819 expressed genes. Comparative analysis revealed widespread transcriptional reprogramming and a predominance of downregulated genes in response to pathogen infection, accompanied by a substantial reduction in cell abundance across all cell populations. Notably, epidermal cells harboured the highest proportion of disease resistance genes. Pseudotime trajectory analysis further demonstrated that S. rolfsii infection altered cellular transcriptional states and induced cell type specific immune reprogramming. Integrative analyses combining gene coexpression, pseudotime dynamics, virtual knockout, and transgenic validation consistently identified AhWRKY40 as a key regulatory factor associated with disease resistance. Overexpression of AhWRKY40 enhanced resistance to S. rolfsii and was accompanied by increased accumulation of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), suggesting its involvement in hormone-mediated defence responses. Collectively, our study provides new insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying peanut resistance to stem rot, identifies AhWRKY40 as a promising candidate gene for disease resistance, and establishes a valuable resource for functional genomics and molecular breeding to improve southern blight resistance in peanut.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered plastidial fatty-acid condensation is associated with changes in membrane composition and postembryonic leaf development in Arabidopsis","authors":"Evan R. Angelos,&nbsp;Amirreza R. Bagh-abrishami,&nbsp;María Fernanda Gómez-Méndez,&nbsp;Katharina Gutbrod,&nbsp;Andrea A. Zanini,&nbsp;De Fan,&nbsp;Hee-Seung Choi,&nbsp;Liping Zeng,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Cheng,&nbsp;Bailong Zhang,&nbsp;Meng Chen,&nbsp;Tessa M. Burch-Smith,&nbsp;Peter Dörmann,&nbsp;Katayoon Dehesh","doi":"10.1111/tpj.71243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.71243","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Membrane lipid composition is fundamental to organelle structure and environmental adaptation, yet how plastidial fatty acid metabolism influences developmental plasticity remains poorly understood. We examined the effects of sustained elevation of the plastidial fatty-acid enzymes KASII (β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II) and SSI2 (Δ9 stearoyl-ACP desaturase 2) in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> using lipidomic, ultrastructural, cellular, molecular, and physiological analyses. KASII overexpressing plants (KASIIox), but not SSI2 overexpressing plants (SSI2ox), increased carbon 18-containing lipid species and exhibited reduced plastidial galactolipids together with increased extraplastidial phospholipids. KASIIox plants displayed enlarged chloroplasts with disrupted thylakoid organization, impaired palisade differentiation, altered mesophyll patterning, and reduced seed coat mucilage. Under low light, KASIIox plants failed to exhibit the characteristic petiole elongation observed in control and SSI2ox plants, accompanied by altered phyB and PIF4 protein abundance. Exogenous gibberellin intensified, whereas inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis partially alleviated KASIIox leaf and cellular phenotypes. Together, these findings associate sustained KASII elevation with changes in membrane lipid composition, chloroplast architecture, light-responsive growth, and postembryonic leaf development, supporting a link between plastidial fatty-acid metabolism and developmental responses to light and gibberellin availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"128 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.71243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149356154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Cytosolic dsRNA Sensing of Viral Infections","authors":"Sofia Maceratessi,&nbsp;Natalia G. Sampaio","doi":"10.1111/imcb.70163","DOIUrl":"10.1111/imcb.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Detection of abnormal RNA species, such as dsRNA, in the cell cytoplasm underscores innate immune response to viral infections. In humans, the cytosolic dsRNA sensors include RLRs (RIG-I, MDA5, and LGP2), PKR, and OASs (OAS1, OAS2, OAS3, and OASL). These receptors are all known to bind varying forms of dsRNA and activate differential signaling pathways whose outcome is to limit viral replication. In this article, we describe some of the major recent advances in dsRNA sensing of viral infections, such as the role of endogenous host RNAs in activating sensors, phase separation as a new layer of sensor regulation, cell type-specific versus universal pathway regulation mechanisms, and the interplay between these pathways within the cell. We have focused on key discoveries of the past 2 years, mainly in mammalian systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":"104 10","pages":"975-986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/imcb.70163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reciprocal Regulatory Interactions Between Class I TCP Transcription Factors and ABA Signalling Balance Growth and Stress Responses in Arabidopsis.","authors":"Alejo Canello, Martina N Fus, Rocío M Jure, Juana Stipech, Candela Eckell, Antonela L Alem, Daniel H Gonzalez, Ivana L Viola","doi":"10.1111/pce.71036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.71036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a critical role in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress by modulating various physiological processes through complex molecular networks. TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTORS (TCP) transcription factors are known developmental regulators, but their roles in ABA signalling and abiotic stress responses remain poorly understood. We addressed this question by analysing the closely related Arabidopsis thaliana class I TCPs TCP14 and TCP15 using a variety of genetic and molecular approaches. We found that TCP14 and TCP15 negatively influence ABA and salt stress responses. They function by directly activating genes encoding negative regulators of ABA signalling, such as ABA-INSENSITIVE FIVE-BINDING PROTEIN 2 (AFP2), thereby suppressing the expression of ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) and downstream ABA-responsive genes to inhibit ABA responses under non-stressful conditions. Notably, the TCPs are targets of ABA-mediated regulation, as ABA negatively affects TCP14 and TCP15 protein abundance, providing a mechanism to limit TCP-dependent transcriptional growth responses and de-repress ABA-signalling pathways during times of stress. We propose that the antagonistic interplay between class I TCPs and ABA may serve to fine-tune plant growth and stress responses according to environmental conditions, positioning TCP14 and TCP15 as crucial players in balancing plant developmental progression and stress adaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An S-domain receptor-like kinase regulates auxin distribution and root gravitropism via MPK signaling in Arabidopsis","authors":"Myint Myint San,&nbsp;Caoli Zhang,&nbsp;Yakun Peng,&nbsp;Meng Chen,&nbsp;Michelle Gallei,&nbsp;Lianghanxiao Sun,&nbsp;Mengjuan Kong,&nbsp;Jiří Friml,&nbsp;Shutang Tan","doi":"10.1111/tpj.71206","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tpj.71206","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Root system architecture (RSA) varies across environments and plays essential roles in plant adaptive growth. Auxin and its polar transport have been found to be key players in the regulation of RSA. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of RSA in fluctuating environments remain unclear. Using a forward genetic screen for root mutants under gravitropism interference conditions in the model plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, we revealed that <i>HYPERSENSITIVE TO IBUPROFEN1</i> (<i>HIB1</i>) regulates root gravitropic growth and RSA by modulating auxin distribution in Arabidopsis. The <i>hib1</i> seedlings presented defects in primary root elongation, lateral root organogenesis, and the root gravitropic response because of abnormal auxin distribution. Notably, the gravitropic defects of <i>hib1</i> roots were correlated with increased MPK6 activity and could be rescued by loss-of-function <i>mpk6</i> mutation. Furthermore, cell biological results revealed that HIB1 regulated PIN protein polar distribution and abundance at the plasma membrane, indicating that HIB1 is involved in polar auxin transport and the subsequent auxin response. Indeed, genetic perturbation of <i>HIB1</i> results in impaired gravitropic root growth. Our work revealed that the HIB1-auxin module regulates root gravitropism and RSA, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive root growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"128 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.71206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZmTIP3‑1 Is Required for Seed Aging Tolerance via Modulation of Hydrogen Peroxide Homoeostasis in Maize.","authors":"YingChun Su, Jiaxin Yang, Yuandong Qu, Xiangrong Yuan, Chenglai Wu, Sunil S Gangurde, Linmao Zhao","doi":"10.1111/pce.71031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.71031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Antagonistic MdERF4-MdERF106 Switch Activates a MdWRKY33 Positive-Feedback Circuit to Drive Irreversible Ethylene-Induced Fruit Softening in Apple.","authors":"Dongyang Zhang, Chenyang Pei, Lifan Gao, Xuekun Wang, Qian He, Zitong Yuan, Xinxin Dong, Wu Liu, Shaolan Yang, Chenxia Cheng","doi":"10.1111/pce.71024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.71024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fruit softening represents a defining physiological transition of climacteric fruit ripening, yet the transcriptional mechanisms converting ethylene signalling into an irreversible developmental programme remain largely unresolved. In this study, we identify MdWRKY33 as a central hub linking ethylene signalling to cell wall remodelling during apple fruit softening. MdWRKY33 directly activates the cell wall-degrading enzyme gene MdPG, positively regulates its own transcription, and promotes ethylene production, thereby establishing a self-reinforcing regulatory circuit. Upstream of MdWRKY33, two ethylene-responsive transcription factors, MdERF4 and MdERF106, function antagonistically as a transcriptional repressor and activator, respectively. Ethylene coordinates this regulatory switch by suppressing MdERF4 while inducing MdERF106, thereby sustaining MdWRKY33 transcriptional activation and promoting rapid softening. Our findings reveal that an antagonistic ERF module is coupled with WRKY-mediated positive feedback to establish a robust transcriptional network that reinforces ethylene responses and drives irreversible commitment to the softening programme, providing mechanistic insights and potential targets for fruit quality improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DOGL3 Maintains Seed Dormancy Under Heat Stress via Hsp20-Mediated Protein Stabilization in Rice.","authors":"Tengfei Ma, Boliang Lu, Ziyan Zhu, Yiwan Wu, Jiawei Song, Ping Wang, Kunhao Li, Yingying Chen, Donghao Wei, Yunpeng Dai, Heyan Feng, Ling Jiang, Jianmin Wan","doi":"10.1111/pce.71011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.71011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149340028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}