Austin A. Frisbey, Tara E. Nash, Michael B. Goshe, Steven D. Clouse, Christopher J. Frost, Frans E. Tax
{"title":"CEPR1 regulates Arabidopsis thaliana root architecture by modulating auxin production via NIT1","authors":"Austin A. Frisbey, Tara E. Nash, Michael B. Goshe, Steven D. Clouse, Christopher J. Frost, Frans E. Tax","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70331","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Like all organisms, plants must make decisions about growth that ultimately lead to their conservation or expenditure of energy. Carbon and nitrogen are both critical macronutrients required for growth and survival, and plants must be able to sense the internal abundance of both to ensure that there is enough to either commit to growth or avoid wasting resources on growth when environmental conditions are suboptimal. In <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>, the receptor-like kinase CEPR1 is involved in a regulatory pathway that comprises a systemic signaling network that can influence root system architecture depending on the availability of both carbon and nitrogen. Here, we present evidence that CEPR1 can integrate nitrogen and carbon status to influence lateral root growth through genetic interactions with the auxin biosynthetic enzyme, NITRILASE 1 (NIT1), and that genetic interactions between <i>CEPR1</i> and <i>NIT1</i> can affect auxin levels in the primary root and in inflorescence stems. Additionally, we show that mutations in <i>NIT1</i> can suppress an infertility phenotype associated with <i>CEPR1</i> mutations. Overall, our results suggest a model that CEPR1 regulates development under different amounts of carbon and nitrogen by modulating auxin production via NIT1.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jing Gao, Yicun Chen, Ming Gao, Yunxiao Zhao, Yangdong Wang
{"title":"WRKY14-DPB Module Enhances Drought Tolerance by Activating the Expression of UGT84B1 Involved in Hydrolyzable Tannin Biosynthesis.","authors":"Jing Gao, Yicun Chen, Ming Gao, Yunxiao Zhao, Yangdong Wang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress severely limits the growth and development of trees. Tannins, which serve as vital secondary metabolites in plant roots, help mitigate drought stress. The Lauraceae family, which holds major economic and ecological value, faces substantial developmental challenges due to its sensitivity to drought conditions. Despite this, research on the regulatory mechanisms governing tannin-specific accumulation under drought stress remains limited. In this study, we aim to explore how WRKY14 interacts with DPB to regulate the metabolism of hydrolyzable tannin (HT) via the key enzyme UGT84B1, thereby enhancing drought tolerance in Litsea cubeba, a main species within the Lauraceae family. The WRKY-DPB-UGT84B1 module was specifically expressed in roots in response to drought stress. LcUGT84B1 was found to generate 1-O-Galloyl-β-d-glucose in vitro and in overexpressing L. cubeba. Moreover, molecular biology and transformation experiments demonstrated that LcWRKY14 and LcDPB formed a complex that directly bound to the LcUGT84B1 promoter, activating its expression and thereby facilitating HT synthesis. Co-overexpression of LcWRKY14 and LcDPB significantly enhanced drought tolerance by increasing HT accumulation. These findings provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of the WRKY-DPB-UGT84B1 module in promoting drought tolerance and offer a potential breeding strategy for developing drought-resistant varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ljubica Ilić, Katarina Žikić, Zorica Nestorović, Biljana Smiljković, Dejan Žikić
{"title":"Development of novel experimental setup for hands-on cardiovascular biophysics education.","authors":"Ljubica Ilić, Katarina Žikić, Zorica Nestorović, Biljana Smiljković, Dejan Žikić","doi":"10.1007/s00249-025-01781-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-025-01781-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A foundational understanding of biophysics and fluid dynamics is critical for comprehending cardiovascular physiological phenomena, yet medical students often struggle with the mathematical complexity. Traditional teaching methods, including in vivo and in vitro experiments, are increasingly being replaced due to ethical concerns, leading to the adoption of in silico models. This study developed a biophysical model simulating the vascular tree using pumps and silicone vessels. Central to the model is a silicone aorta with pressure sensors, immersed in water, and connected to rubber and peristaltic pumps to generate pulse waves. Transparent silicone tubes, decreasing in diameter, mimic the vascular system, while one-way valves regulate flow. Pressure was measured via sensors at key points, with data digitized and visualized in real-time. A 40% ethyl alcohol solution, mimicking blood viscosity, was used. The exercise aimed to teach wave propagation, pressure waveform analysis, pulse wave velocity calculation, and the effects of resistance on wave propagation. Pulse wave propagation was demonstrated with manual compression of the rubber pump generating the input signal. Time delays between pressure waveforms at different sensors were used to calculate pulse wave velocity. Wave reflections were observed as the forward wave traveled to the aortic bifurcation, reflected backward, and then reflected again upon reaching a valve. Reflections were further analyzed with constrictions and added resistance in the system, with careful observation needed to discern the superimposed waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":548,"journal":{"name":"European Biophysics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mengkai Zhao, Xiulian Huang, Wenchang Lu, Song Wang, Huiqi Zheng, Chu Luo, Zhangli Hu, Yikun He, Xiaozheng Li
{"title":"Light-Regulated Reprogramming in Moss: SHMT1 Mediates Blue Light Enhancement of Cell Regeneration.","authors":"Mengkai Zhao, Xiulian Huang, Wenchang Lu, Song Wang, Huiqi Zheng, Chu Luo, Zhangli Hu, Yikun He, Xiaozheng Li","doi":"10.1111/pce.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cellular reprogramming can be induced by external stimuli such as hormones and environmental stresses. No molecular relationships between light conditions and cellular reprogramming have been established. In this study, blue light (BL) was found to accelerate cellular reprogramming using protoplasts of Physcomitrium patens. To better understand the underlying molecular mechanism, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on protoplasts that were either freshly isolated (CK), grown under BL (B24h) or white light (WL) for 24 h (W24h). The expression level of most reprogramming-related genes in B24h was higher than in W24h, particularly during the early stage of reprogramming. By Spearman correlation analysis between light- and reprogramming-related genes, and qRT-PCR screening, the serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1 (SHMT1) gene was identified. We found that the SHMT1 gene, upregulated by BL during early phase of regeneration, induced the expression of reprogramming-related genes. Protoplasts transiently or stably over-expressing SHMT1 and excised leaves from the stable SHMT1 Overexpression plants all exhibited accelerated regeneration. Mutants lacking SHMT1 function showed the opposite phenotype. Overall, our study revealed for the first time that BL promoted cellular reprogramming via upregulation of SHMT1 in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144641343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phosphorylation of Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) Splicing Factor GsSCL30a by GsSnRK1 Regulates Soybean Tolerance to Alkali Stress.","authors":"Minglong Li, Xin Liu, Xin Zhao, Fujing Liu, Man Xue, Haishan Liu, Xiaohuan Sun, Changyuan Liu, Zhangxiong Liu, Xiaodong Ding, Qiang Li, Jialei Xiao","doi":"10.1111/pce.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-mRNA splicing is a fundamental process in plant gene expression, and the resulting transcripts may play significant roles in plant development and responses to environmental changes. Wild soybean (Glycine soja), as a close relative of cultivated soybean (Glycine max), has excellent traits such as alkali tolerance and is an ideal material for mining stress-resistant genes. Previous phosphoproteomic analysis identified SR protein GsSCL30a as a potential phosphorylation substrate of GsSnRK1 kinase. Y2H and BiFC assays confirmed their interaction. In vitro phosphorylation and mass spectrometry showed GsSnRK1 phosphorylates six residues in GsSCL30a. RT-qPCR revealed GsSCL30a is ubiquitously expressed, with alkali stress regulating its transcript levels. Alternative splicing analysis showed GsSCL30a acts as a splicing factor, self-splicing its third intron with conserved GAAG motifs and GsSnRK1 phosphorylation enhances this activity. GsSCL30a interacts with U1-70K, suggesting involvement in U1-RNP complex at 5' splice sites. Soybean hairy root overexpression showed GsSCL30a-GsSnRK1 synergistically enhances alkali tolerance. This study revealed the molecular mechanism of GsSnRK1-GsSCL30a module in response to alkali stress and provides a new idea to breed the high-resistant crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Guiding gravitropism: root coiling in response to growth-promoting bacteria is mediated by root cap transcription factors","authors":"Gwendolyn K. Kirschner","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70338","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Darwin showed that the root cap was important for sensing gravity (Darwin, <span>1881</span>). Today, we know that starch-filled granules in the root cap cells act as statoliths that sink in response to gravity. This triggers a signaling process leading to differential cell elongation in the root elongation zone to adapt root growth to the direction of gravity (Su et al., <span>2017</span>). The root cap is not only involved in gravitropism, but also in many other processes, including sensing nutrients, salt, water, and modulating rhizosphere microbiota (Ganesh et al., <span>2022</span>).</p><p>In the highlighted publication, Kirán Rubí Jiménez-Vázquez and colleagues show how two root cap transcription factors could act to integrate contact with rhizosphere microbes with root gravitropism. For his PhD project, Jiménez-Vázquez was involved in a biodiversity study of bacteria that inhabited an exceptional ecosystem, a salty pool in the middle of the Chihuahua desert. The researchers were surprised that some grasses could grow well despite the high salt content, amidst a film of salt crystals, and they also saw some mesquite trees that looked healthy. Therefore, they sampled the rhizosphere of a mesquite tree and built a collection of culturable bacteria. They then inoculated <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> seedlings with the pure cultures to analyze the root phenotype and biomass production (Jiménez-Vázquez et al., <span>2020</span>). Interestingly, the rhizobacterium <i>Achromobacter</i> sp. 5B1 not only promoted primary root growth and lateral root formation in Arabidopsis but also induced root waving and coiling once the bacteria spread over the primary root (Figure 1). This caught the attention of the researchers because it was the only reported bacterium that caused disruption of the gravitropic response (Jiménez-Vázquez et al., <span>2020</span>).</p><p>They wondered how <i>Achromobacter</i> sp. 5B1 modifies developmental processes in the roots, in particular gravitropism (Jiménez-Vázquez et al., <span>2025</span>). They analyzed primary root growth on agar plates under different conditions: (1) roots in direct contact with the bacterial streak; (2) roots and bacteria on opposite sides of divided Petri dishes, allowing only volatile compounds to be sensed; and (3) the bacterial streak placed near, but not touching, the root cap, enabling interaction through diffusible molecules like metabolites and phytohormones. In all cases, the bacterium promoted primary and lateral root growth, but the roots only coiled and showed disrupted gravitropism when the root was in direct contact with the inoculum. This reaction was specific to <i>Achromobacter</i> sp. 5B1 and was not observed for other plant growth-promoting bacteria (i.e., <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LC390B or <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> LS570). Roots with no root cap did not coil after contact with the bacterium, suggesting that the root cap is responsible for sensing the bacterium and directing the root","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhen Lin, Jing Yang, Shengnan Liu, Yan Bai, Weihang Li, Jinsheng Lai, Weibin Song, Haiming Zhao, Qiujie Liu
{"title":"GT1 regulates maize sex determination by affecting the jasmonate pathway","authors":"Zhen Lin, Jing Yang, Shengnan Liu, Yan Bai, Weihang Li, Jinsheng Lai, Weibin Song, Haiming Zhao, Qiujie Liu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70306","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is a monoecious plant with male and female flowers physically separated on different inflorescences—the tassel and the ear. Maize sex determination is controlled by a series of complicated developmental signals. Here, we characterized an EMS-induced maize feminized tassel mutant,<i>tasselsilk1</i> (<i>tsk1</i>), and identified <i>GRASSY TILLERS1</i> (<i>GT1</i>) as the causative gene. Phenotypic analysis of <i>tsk1</i> mutants revealed that pistils fail to abort in both the tassel and ear, resulting in long sterile silks in the tassel and the development of an extra small kernel from the lower floret in the ear. RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis indicated that GT1 functioned as a repressor for flower organ development by regulating the JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways, specifically by directly promoting the expression of <i>TASSELSEED1</i> (<i>TS1</i>), <i>ZmMYC2A</i>, <i>ZmMYC2B.</i> Together, we identified a new allele of <i>GT1</i> and proposed that GT1 functions through JA biosynthesis and signaling pathways to regulate sex determination in maize.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specific TP53 mutations impair the recruitment of 53BP1 to DNA double-strand breaks underlying the mechanism of radioresistance.","authors":"Paolo Fagherazzi, Lenka Stixová, Eva Bartova","doi":"10.1007/s00249-025-01774-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-025-01774-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tumor suppressor p53, extensively studied for over 40 years, is a key regulator of various cellular pathways, often functioning independently of its transcriptional activity. Notably, p53 has been shown to play a crucial role in DNA repair, not only in sensing DNA damage but also in influencing repair pathway choice. This work assesses the influence of p53 on the recruitment and activity of the NHEJ mediator 53BP1, focusing specifically on common p53 hotspot mutations found in human cancers. The aim is to understand how these mutations impair DNA damage response mechanisms and contribute to genetic instability, which enhances tumor survival. Analysis of p53 missense mutations (R248W, R273C, G245S) revealed mutation-specific effects on 53BP1 and RIF1 recruitment, with G245S retaining wild-type-like 53BP1 recruitment but still exhibiting enhanced BRCA1 foci formation. Given the widespread activation of NHEJ throughout the cell cycle, especially in response to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, gaining insight into how p53 mutations affect this response is vital for developing future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":548,"journal":{"name":"European Biophysics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bidhan Chandra Malakar, Rajanesh Chandramohan, Vishmita Sethi, Sreeramaiah N. Gangappa
{"title":"The B-BOX protein BBX21 suppresses thermosensory growth under short- and long-day photoperiods by distinct mechanisms","authors":"Bidhan Chandra Malakar, Rajanesh Chandramohan, Vishmita Sethi, Sreeramaiah N. Gangappa","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70345","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thermomorphogenesis is a plant adaptive response, enabling morphological adjustments to fluctuating ambient temperatures. In <i>Arabidopsis</i>, the bHLH family of transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) plays a central role in promoting thermomorphogenesis, whose activity is negatively regulated by thermosensors EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) and PHYTOCHROME B (phyB). In response to warm temperatures, PIF4 transcript and protein levels increase to facilitate thermosensory growth. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing PIF4-mediated thermosensory growth remain partially elusive. Here, we demonstrate the role of a B-BOX protein, BBX21, in suppressing thermomorphogenesis through the PIF4 pathway. A mutation in <i>BBX21</i> (<i>bbx21</i>) results in a longer hypocotyl phenotype accompanied by upregulation in thermoresponsive gene expression, whereas overexpression of <i>BBX21</i> (<i>BBX21-OE</i>) results in an extremely short hypocotyl phenotype with dampened expression of temperature-responsive genes. Genetic analysis reveals that BBX21 acts upstream of PIF4 to regulate warm temperature-mediated hypocotyl growth. To limit excessive thermomorphogenesis, BBX21 inhibits PIF4 protein accumulation by repressing its transcript accumulation by directly binding to its promoter. Furthermore, our genetic and biochemical data show that the short hypocotyl phenotype of the <i>BBX21-OE</i> line is dependent on ELF3 and phyB. BBX21 enhances the ELF3 and phyB-mediated inhibition of PIF4 activity in SD and LD conditions, respectively, by enhancing their protein activity. Thus, this study elucidates the novel role of BBX21 in suppressing thermomorphogenesis, providing new insights into the molecular mechanism of PIF4-mediated regulation of hypocotyl growth in response to warm temperatures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144615069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liping Ding, Zitong Yang, Lin Zheng, Yajuan Chen, Jianhua Wei, Hongzhi Wang
{"title":"Exploring Transcriptional Regulatory Network During Direct De Novo Shoot Regeneration in Poplar.","authors":"Liping Ding, Zitong Yang, Lin Zheng, Yajuan Chen, Jianhua Wei, Hongzhi Wang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regeneration of transgenic cells into plants is well known to be an obstacle to genetic engineering, and woody plants are commonly among the most recalcitrant species. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of regeneration in woody plants, we conducted transcriptional profiling during direct de novo shoot regeneration in Populus tomentosa cv. BJHR01, which supports efficient regeneration. We sampled RNA from leaf explants, callus-like tissues, and shoot-forming tissues during in vitro culture. We identified 27 765 expressed genes, 70% of which (19 386 genes) were differentially expressed. Gene Ontology (GO) and weighted gene co-expression network analyses revealed overrepresentation of GO terms related to DNA replication, nuclear division, cell cycle, transcription initiation, and auxin response during callus-like tissue initiation and development. Genes associated with chromatin remodelling, epigenetic modification, and cytokinin and stress hormone signalling were also differentially regulated, highlighting the role of transcriptional regulation and cell division in early regeneration. During shoot initiation, cytokinin and auxin signalling genes were dynamically regulated. One hub gene, PtoARF3.1, a key regulator of auxin signalling, significantly enhanced regeneration efficiency when overexpressed. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of direct de novo shoot regeneration in Populus and paves the way for identifying potential regeneration enhancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144625136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}