生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Genome sequencing and population genetics provide insights into local adaptation of Opisthopappus species on cliff environments of Taihang Mountains","authors":"Yiling Wang,&nbsp;Mian Han,&nbsp;Hang Ye,&nbsp;Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Haoyuan Dan,&nbsp;Tingyu Wang,&nbsp;Fangdong Geng,&nbsp;Genlou Sun","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70446","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Local adaptation represents a pivotal theme in evolutionary biology. The <i>Opisthopappus</i> genus, comprising <i>Opisthopappus longilobus</i> and <i>O. taihangensis</i>, thrives on the cliffs of the Taihang Mountains. During their evolutionary history, two species are hypothesized to have locally adapted to their cliff habitats. In the present study, we employed a combined approach of whole-genome sequencing of <i>O. taihangensis</i> and population genomic analysis from both species to gain deeper insights into their patterns of local adaptation. Our results revealed that the expansive genome of <i>O. taihangensis</i> (3010.18 Mb), a consequence of a whole-genome duplication (WGD) event, coupled with a high proportion of repetitive sequences (82.70%), was postulated as one of its adaptive strategies. A clear differentiation between <i>O. taihangensis</i> and <i>O. longilobus</i> was observed, with the two species diverging approximately 17.57 million years ago (Mya), with <i>O. longilobus</i> serving as the ancestor. Since their divergence, limited gene flow was observed between the two species. Post-divergence, the effective population sizes of both species expanded, yet underwent a dramatic reduction at approximately 0.07 Mya. Furthermore, a total of 798 adaptive genes were identified, of which 207 overlapped with expanded genes, and eight genes were found to be under positive selection. These genes primarily regulated the growth and development of both species via pathways such as oxidation–reduction and ubiquitin–proteasome, enabling them to withstand climate changes. These findings provide profound insights into the local adaptation of <i>Opisthopappus</i> species to the cliff environments and offer valuable clues for further exploring the local adaptation among various cliff-dwelling organisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Nyctinastic movement of Oxalis triangularis ‘Purpurea’: the role of circadian clock, hormones, and Ca2+ signaling","authors":"Wanli Tuo,&nbsp;Xuexuan Wang,&nbsp;Zirui Yang,&nbsp;Huifang Chen,&nbsp;Junwen Zhai,&nbsp;Baomin Feng,&nbsp;Shasha Wu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70441","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Oxalis triangularis</i> ‘Purpurea’ is an ornamental plant that exhibits nyctinastic movement. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The nyctinastic movement of the leaflets is regulated by a motor organ termed the pulvinus, in which the flexor cells and extensor cells adjust their osmosis potential antagonistically to drive the opening or closure of the leaflets. This study investigates the factors essential for the nyctinastic movement in <i>O. triangularis</i> ‘Purpurea’. The critical structural and subcellular changes of the pulvini that facilitate the opening or closing movement of leaflets were revealed by sectioning and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The dynamic and significant changes of phytohormones [Auxin (IAA), Abscisic acid (ABA), Cytokinin (cis-Zeatin, cZ and trans-Zeatin, tZ), Gibberellin (GA), Salicylic acid (SA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC, the ethylene precursor)] were detected during the leaflets opening or closing, and their contributions to nyctinastic movement were determined by exogenous application. Furthermore, dynamic but opposite Ca²⁺ flux was observed in the flexor and extensor cells during leaflets opening or closure, and the Ca²⁺ channel blocker disrupted normal leaflets movement. Transcriptomic analysis of the pulvini revealed key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during leaflets opening and closing, and these DEGs are enriched in the function categories of circadian clock, hormone signaling, and ion channels. Notably, the core circadian clock gene, <i>OtLHY</i>, was demonstrated to be required for the nyctinastic movement of <i>O. triangularis</i> ‘Purpurea’ by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). Based on these findings, we propose a regulatory network involving the circadian clock, phytohormones, and ion channels that coordinate the nyctinastic movement of <i>O. triangularis</i> ‘Purpurea’.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The making of a leaf tip: how cell division angles define shape","authors":"Martin Balcerowicz","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70453","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Leaves come in an extraordinary range of shapes: they can be simple or dissected, can have smooth or toothed margins and can display a variety of lobes, points and indentations. These shape variations have important functional consequences, affecting light capture, water loss, wind resistance and even herbivore interactions (Chitwood &amp; Sinha, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;). Leaves originate as small primordia on the flanks of the shoot apical meristem, from which they grow and expand until they reach their mature form. The rate, duration and spatial patterning of cell division and expansion are key determinants of leaf size and shape. These processes are finely tuned by complex gene regulatory networks that respond to both internal and external signals (Schneider et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hirokazu Tsukaya has long studied the mechanisms underpinning leaf development. Starting with the simple ovate leaves of the model plant &lt;i&gt;Arabidopsis thaliana&lt;/i&gt;, his group now explores leaf shape from an evo-devo perspective, in a wide range of model and non-model species. Among these is &lt;i&gt;Triadica sebifera&lt;/i&gt;, the Chinese tallow tree – a member of the spurge family and an oil-producing species of economic significance. Its leaves are distinctly shaped, featuring a rounded base and a sharply tapering (acuminate) tip, linked by concave joint regions (Figure 1a). This shape can be quantified by its curvature, that is, how much the contour deviates from a straight line (Figure 1b): the base shows moderately positive curvature (convex, rounded), the joint regions display negative curvature (concave), and the tip reaches a maximum curvature with a sharp point. Until now, it has remained unknown how this distinctive apex forms.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zining Wang, a Ph.D. student in Tsukaya's lab and first author of the highlighted study, combines mathematical modelling with developmental biology to investigate leaf shape formation. Surprised by the lack of research into acuminate tip formation, Wang took on the challenge of dissecting leaf shape formation in &lt;i&gt;T. sebifera&lt;/i&gt; – made more complex by it being a woody, non-model species that required significant effort to establish reliable germination and growth protocols. Wang began by describing leaf growth using contour growth mapping, an approach that represents the leaf outline as a series of contour points. Growth is simulated by moving these points outward at defined speeds. When growth was isotropic (equal in all directions), the model produced a circular leaf. Vertical anisotropic growth yielded an elliptical form. However, combining isotropic growth at the base with vertical anisotropic growth at the tip generated a shape resembling &lt;i&gt;T. sebifera&lt;/i&gt; leaves, indicating that distinct regional growth patterns are required.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To assess whether this biregional growth is reflected at the cellular level, Wang and colleagues analysed cell shapes and division patterns during leaf development. Interestingly, the sharp ap","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70453","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene editing unlocks superior mutants from once detrimental RFL for enhanced rice yield traits","authors":"Jiajun Liu,&nbsp;Ye Song,&nbsp;Min Mei,&nbsp;Xuebin Zhao,&nbsp;Shu Wan,&nbsp;Qian Xun,&nbsp;Yayi Meng,&nbsp;Jianyu An,&nbsp;Ganghua Li,&nbsp;Yanfeng Ding,&nbsp;Chengqiang Ding","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70454","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>RICE FLORICULA LEAFY/ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 2</i> (<i>RFL/APO2</i>) is a master regulator of panicle morphogenesis and development in rice. Traditionally, mutations in <i>RFL</i> have led to severe growth phenotypes and decreased rice yield, labeling it as detrimental. However, the present study challenged this perception by utilizing CRISPR/Cpf1 and single-base gene-editing technologies to generate a series of site-directed <i>rfl</i> mutants. Our findings revealed that the evolutionarily conserved sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain and DNA-binding domain (DBD), as well as the intron region of <i>RFL</i>, all play roles in regulating rice morphological development and yield traits. Specifically, introns and the SAM domain are primarily involved in panicle development, whereas the DBD and its key functional sites are closely associated with morphological development and yield. Notably, the amino acid at position 266 was found to be a critical site for RFL regulation of grain shape, significantly affecting grain weight, with changes in the expression levels of genes involved in grain length and panicle weight regulation, such as <i>GRF1</i> and <i>SPL16</i>. This study not only expands our understanding of the role of RFL in monocot plants but also provides a novel perspective on how gene editing can transform a gene once considered detrimental to improve yield traits in cereal crops. These findings suggest that the number of genes available for optimizing rice phenotypes through gene editing can be significantly increased.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic Pseudomonas oryzihabitans CB24 Boosts Photosynthesis Through Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol Driven Lipid Reprogramming.","authors":"Nikky Deepa, Shivam Chauhan, Prabodh K Trivedi, Akanksha Singh","doi":"10.1111/pce.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pelargonium graveolens, valued for its essential oil, is significantly influenced by its endosymbiotic associations impacting its physiology and phytochemistry, though the exact mechanisms driving this modulation remain largely unexplored. This study unveils that inoculating Pseudomonas oryzihabitans CB24 into P. graveolens significantly alters plant's lipid dynamics, leading to increased accumulation of chloroplast glycerolipids like monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and sulfolipids, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). This is achieved by enhancing precursors like UDP-6-sulfoquinovose and acetyl CoA, alongside upregulating genes such as plc, MGD1, and SQD2 crucial for glycerolipid metabolism. Glycerolipids being essential for thylakoidal membrane stability resulted in significant upregulation of genes related to antennae protein, light-harvesting complexes namely, LHCA2, LHCA1, PsaA, PetE, PetF, PsbO. P. oryzihabitans also boosted RuBisCO activity, thereby redirecting the metabolic flux towards secondary metabolism. Similarly, the upregulated expression of the DXS gene, which drives the precursors of the methylerythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway to their end products such as monoterpenoids: geraniol and linalool, aligns with the metabolic shift from primary to secondary terpenoid biosynthesis. This transformative role of endophytic association highlights the remarkable ability of endophytes to regulate interconnected physiological processes, including improved nitrate uptake, enhanced carbon assimilation, and boosted antioxidant capacity driving significant improvements in growth, development and yield of the host plant.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OsMATE7-mediated flavonol accumulation regulates pollen tube growth in rice","authors":"Shijun Fan,&nbsp;Kailai Huang,&nbsp;Yan Yang,&nbsp;Yi Xi,&nbsp;Huan Ye,&nbsp;Lei Xu,&nbsp;Weilan Chen,&nbsp;Peng Gao,&nbsp;Ting Li,&nbsp;Bin Tu,&nbsp;Hua Yuan,&nbsp;Bingtian Ma,&nbsp;Yuping Wang,&nbsp;Zhaohui Zhong,&nbsp;Jiawei Xiong,&nbsp;Liangzhu Kang,&nbsp;Shiwen Tang,&nbsp;Xuewei Chen,&nbsp;Chengbin Xiang,&nbsp;Shigui Li,&nbsp;Peng Qin","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70449","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flavonols have been implicated in male sterility and pollen tube growth for over three decades; however, the molecular mechanisms mediating their accumulation in pollen grains remain poorly understood. In this study, a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) transporter, OsMATE7, was identified as a key regulator of flavonol accumulation in mature pollen grains, thereby promoting pollen tube growth in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). Mutation of <i>OsMATE7</i> resulted in a significant reduction in seed setting rates. Reciprocal crosses between <i>OsMATE7</i> knockout (KO) and wild-type plants, along with both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> germination assays, demonstrated that the mutant exhibited male sterility due to defective pollen tube growth. OsMATE7 was found to be specifically expressed in pollen and localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Diphenylboric acid 2-aminoethylester (DPBA) staining assay revealed a significant reduction in flavonol accumulation in mature pollen grains of <i>OsMATE7</i>. Functional analysis of flavonol transport and flavonoid content confirmed that OsMATE7 serves as a potential flavonol transporter, facilitating the accumulation of flavonols in mature pollen grains. Further investigation revealed that flavonol deficiency in mutant pollen grains inhibited α-amylase activity and blocked starch hydrolysis, ultimately impairing pollen tube growth. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism by which OsMATE7 regulates flavonol distribution to control pollen tube growth, providing new insights into the role of MATE proteins in seed setting and crop breeding.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"All or nothing? The importance of considering partial dieback for tree responses to fire","authors":"William A. Hoffmann,&nbsp;Samuel W. Flake,&nbsp;Giselda Durigan","doi":"10.1007/s00468-025-02669-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00468-025-02669-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Key message</h3><p>We introduce an approach to studying partial crown dieback that accounts for height profiles of bark thickness and stem vulnerability to fire, resulting in improved modeling of biomass loss.</p><h3>Abstract</h3><p>Fire mediates tree cover in savannas by causing topkill, typically represented as a binary process in which the whole stem either survives or dies, overlooking losses of foliage and branches from partial canopy dieback. To overcome this limitation, we introduce an approach that focuses on conditional probabilities of dieback of stems and branches, which we demonstrate with a Brazilian savanna tree. We quantified the probability of branch death as a function of bark thickness and height above ground, to parameterize a model of tree architecture for simulating aerial biomass losses under scenarios of differing fire intensity, maximum tree height, and investment in bark. The study population experienced a 43% loss of stem biomass when exposed to a prescribed fire, but the traditional all-or-nothing approach that ignores partial dieback accounts for only half of this loss. Simulations show that, in absolute terms, the traditional approach more substantially underestimates carbon losses in severe fires, but in relative terms, the underestimation is greater in mild fires. A benefit–cost analysis revealed that the observed investment in bark more closely matches the predicted optimal investment when we account for partial dieback. In scenarios of low fire intensity or taller tree stature, the model predicts lower investment in bark, compared to the default scenario. We introduce the concept of bark safety margin, which quantifies the relative protection afforded by bark in the main stem and branches. This study thus demonstrates the importance of considering partial stem dieback, in addition to offering a new approach for quantifying this dieback.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":805,"journal":{"name":"Trees","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00468-025-02669-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144914779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoring cytonuclear harmony: Distinct strategies in Arabidopsis auto- and allopolyploids","authors":"Mehrdad Shahbazi,&nbsp;Jana Kneřová,&nbsp;Denisa Kubíková,&nbsp;Alžběta Doležalová,&nbsp;Marek Szecówka,&nbsp;Yasmim Dutra Santos,&nbsp;Jonathan F. Wendel,&nbsp;Joel Sharbrough,&nbsp;David Kopecký","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70451","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plants rely on tight coordination between nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes to form essential multi-enzyme cytonuclear complexes. Whole-genome duplication (WGD) doubles the nuclear genome, potentially disrupting cytonuclear stoichiometry unless organellar genomes respond accordingly. Targeted analyses of chloroplasts and mitochondria enabled us to dissect the extent and mechanisms of adjustments in both organelles immediately after WGD and across generations in Arabidopsis auto- and allopolyploids. We observed a substantial overcompensation of organellar genome copies in both organelles in early-generation autotetraploids primarily through multiplication of DNA copies within organelles rather than increasing the number of organelles. Despite higher DNA content, mitochondria maintained their volume, and chloroplasts were even smaller. In successive generations, chloroplast DNA copy numbers continued to rise, whereas mitochondrial DNA copies declined. Gene expression patterns also differed between chloroplasts and mitochondria and between auto- and allopolyploids. In autopolyploids, immediate transcriptional changes were minimal, but by the fourth generation after WGD, nuclear genes involved in mitochondria-nuclear complexes were downregulated. In allopolyploids, transcriptional changes appeared immediately in the first generation (chloroplast genes were upregulated and mitochondrial genes were downregulated). Our findings demonstrate that cytonuclear balance is restored through dynamic, organelle-specific, and polyploid-type-specific mechanisms. These insights advance our understanding of the evolution of polyploid genomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70451","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic Nematodes Induce Metabolic Reallocation in Maize Roots Without Altering the Performance of Two Root Herbivores, Diabrotica virgifera and Diabrotica balteata.","authors":"Arletys M Verdecia-Mogena, Paul A Himmighofen, Pierre Mateo, Keerthi Divakaran, Mirco Hecht, Rimjhim R Choudhury, Christian Parisod, Christelle A M Robert","doi":"10.1111/pce.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are key biological control agents in agriculture, but their direct effects on plant metabolism and resistance to herbivory remain underexplored. By combining transcriptomic, metabolomic, and herbivore assays, this study aimed at providing a holistic description of maize root responses to EPNs and to assess their potential relevance for plant-herbivore interactions. EPNs triggered a dynamic shift in root metabolism, suggesting a reallocation of primary resources towards chemical defences. After 72 h, pathways related to ethylene signalling and protein folding, and turnover were downregulated, while pathways for protein export were enriched. Amino acid levels, particularly glutamate and aspartate, decreased, while glucose levels were induced. In parallel, enrichments in alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycan biosynthesis, and, albeit not significantly, cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis pathways suggested enhanced barrier functions and lipid signalling. Secondary metabolite concentrations, such as benzoxazinoids, were increased. Yet, the overall plant response remained of modest magnitude, as illustrated by a low number of differentially expressed genes exceeding 100 reads. Consistently, EPN exposure did not enhance resistance to subsequent herbivory by the root herbivores Diabrotica balteata or Diabrotica virgifera virgifera. However, the plant responses might influence other belowground interactions, such as those involving plant-microbes or plant-parasitic nematodes, calling for further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144937549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chlorophyll b is essential for the growth, photoprotection, and photosystem I assembly in wheat","authors":"Hao-Tian Mao,&nbsp;Xuan Pang,&nbsp;Teng Li,&nbsp;Ying Qin,&nbsp;Zhong-Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Shu Yuan,&nbsp;Ming Yuan,&nbsp;Marian Brestic,&nbsp;Yang-Er Chen","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70442","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chlorophyll (Chl) <i>b</i> deficiency leads to vulnerability to high light and oxidative stress in wheat plants, while the detailed mechanism by which Chl <i>b</i> is involved in photoprotection remains unclear in plants. In this study, the roles of thylakoid protein composition and complexes in photosynthetic electron transport, photoprotective responses, and energy dissipation were investigated in Chl <i>b</i>-deficient mutant lines (ANK-32A) and the wild type (WT) of wheat. Compared to the WT, ANK-32A showed higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), slower state transitions, and a significant decline in the amount of Lhca1–4, Lhcb1–3, and PSII-LHCII supercomplexes at the early growth stage. Because of the low Chl <i>b</i> content, ANK-32A also exhibited a low PSI/PSII ratio in the first leaf (the youngest leaf) compared to the WT. In late growth stages, the amounts of Lhcb2, Lhcb3, PSI proteins (Lhca1–4), PSII-LHCII supercomplexes, and PSI and PSII dimers were still lower than in the WT. Immunoblotting analysis and protein mass spectrometry indicated that ANK-32A possessed a high PSI assembly intermediate (PSI*) content relative to the WT. In addition, field experiments further demonstrated that the low Chl content and the PSI efficiency in the flag leaf as well as low yield were observed in ANK-32A compared to the WT. Taken together, this study reveals that chlorophyll <i>b</i> deficiency in wheat alters the organization of thylakoid proteins, which in turn leads to disrupted assembly of PSI complexes, increases PSI photoinhibition, and eventually reduces the photoprotective capacity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}