生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Uncovering alternative physiological and molecular strategies to cope with water stress in olive tree","authors":"Amelia Salimonti,&nbsp;Pompea Gabriella Lucchese,&nbsp;Cinzia Benincasa,&nbsp;Manuela Desando,&nbsp;Rosa Nicoletti,&nbsp;Elena Santilli,&nbsp;Enrico Maria Lodolini,&nbsp;Francesco Mercati,&nbsp;Francesco Sunseri,&nbsp;Fabrizio Carbone","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70362","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In recent years, the ongoing climate changes have made it crucial to rethink agriculture in a more sustainable way. This includes reducing and optimizing the use of resources, including water, through the identification and selection of genotypes more tolerant to abiotic stresses. Although considered a xerophytic species, the olive tree requires an adequate water supply to ensure both quantity and quality production. Drought-tolerant olive cultivars have been identified through breeding programs; however, the key molecular mechanisms involved in this tolerance remain largely unknown. To investigate in depth the plant responses to drought, six cultivars of different genetic backgrounds were grown in controlled conditions and exposed to water stress as well as inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The physiological responses to drought stress varied among cultivars, as expected, showing complementary and/or alternative strategies, even according to AMF inoculation. This approach allowed us to identify two contrasting olive tree cultivars in response to drought stress (“Frantoio” and “Arbequina” as susceptible and tolerant, respectively). Transcriptomic profiles comparison of these cultivars enabled us to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG) with key roles in the regulation of metabolic pathways involved in drought tolerance, useful to support future olive tree breeding programs. Interestingly, the AMF inoculum was able to alleviate water stress damages mainly in the susceptible cultivar; this effect involved the more important plant physiological responses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Metabolites Derived From Host-Exudates Modulate the Bacterial Wilt Occurrence.","authors":"Mengyuan Yan, Cunpu Qiu, Clement K M Tsui, Guilong Li, Kai Liu, Ming Liu, Meng Wu, Zhongpei Li","doi":"10.1111/pce.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Root exudate-mediated microbial community assembly is critical for host health and growth. However, disease-induced variations in plant-microbe interactions remain ambiguous. Here, we explored the intrinsic distinctions and interactions between the secretion patterns and microbial community composition of diseased and healthy tomatoes. Our results showed that rhizosphere microbial communities in healthy and diseased tomatoes were dominated by potentially beneficial genera (Bacillus, Rhodanobacter, Pseudolabrys, Gemmatimonas, Dongia, and Bradyrhizobium) and putative pathogens (Ralstonia and Neocosmospora), respectively, which were correlated with differential metabolites. Further metabolite addition experiments demonstrated the differential regulation mechanism of specific metabolites on host health. Drawing inspiration from synthetic communities, we displayed a way to construct the synthetic metabolites (SynMets), and we found that the SynMets (cortisol, quercetin, pyridoxal, and levodopa), which were enriched in healthy tomatoes could resist diseases by inhibiting pathogen growth and constructing beneficial microbial communities. Conversely, the SynMets (pyridoxine, N-benzylformamide, isoquinoline, and xanthine) enriched in diseased tomatoes could result in microbial imbalances by facilitating pathogen growth, thereby causing disease occurrence and growth limitation. In total, our research indicated the importance of SynMets-mediated pathogen reproduction and microbial community assembly for plant health and lays a foundation for targeted regulation of rhizosphere microecology through synthetic metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic secondary structure fingerprint of β-variant of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.","authors":"Rosanna Mosetti, Tiziana Mancini, Federica Bertelà, Salvatore Macis, Nicole Luchetti, Velia Minicozzi, Stefano Lupi, Annalisa D'Arco","doi":"10.1007/s00249-025-01782-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-025-01782-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by the emergence of numerous mutated forms of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, exhibiting an increasingly refined capacity to adapt to the human host. The majority of mutations affect viral proteins, particularly the Spike glycoprotein (S), leading to alterations in their physicochemical properties, in secondary structures and biological functions. In the present work, we performed, to the best of our knowledge, the first infrared spectroscopic characterization of monomeric spike glycoprotein subunits 1 (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant at pH 7.4, combining the experimental results with Molecular Dynamic simulations, Definition of Secondary Structure of Proteins (DSSP) assignments and hydrophobicity calculations. This integrated approach has yielded valuable insights into the protein secondary structure, hydrophobic behaviour, conformational dynamics, and functional attributes, factors essential for a comprehensive understanding of the viral protein domain. Our results reveal that the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Beta variant is characterized by a secondary structure enriched with antiparallel β-sheets, as consistently supported by both experimental data and computational models. Moreover, a comparative analysis of the experimental results with hydrophobicity calculations indicates that the Beta variant exhibits a slightly more hydrophilic nature relative to the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Wild Type.</p>","PeriodicalId":548,"journal":{"name":"European Biophysics Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A transposable element insertion in AUX/IAA16 disrupts splicing and causes auxin resistance in Bassia scoparia","authors":"Jacob S. Montgomery,&nbsp;Neeta Soni,&nbsp;Sofia Marques Hill,&nbsp;Sarah Morran,&nbsp;Eric L. Patterson,&nbsp;Seth A. Edwards,&nbsp;Sandaruwan Ratnayake,&nbsp;Yu-Hung Hung,&nbsp;Pratheek H. Pandesha,&nbsp;R. Keith Slotkin,&nbsp;Richard Napier,&nbsp;Franck Dayan,&nbsp;Todd Gaines","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A dicamba-resistant population of kochia (<i>Bassia scoparia</i>) identified in Colorado, USA in 2012 was used to generate a synthetic mapping population that segregated for dicamba resistance. Linkage mapping associating dicamba injury with genotype derived from restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing identified a single locus in the kochia genome associated with resistance on chromosome 4. A mutant version of <i>Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid 16</i> (<i>AUX/IAA16</i>; a gene previously implicated in dicamba resistance in kochia) was found near the middle of this locus in resistant plants. Long-read sequencing of dicamba-resistant plants identified a recently inserted long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon TRIM element near the beginning of the second exon of <i>AUX/IAA16</i>, leading to disruption of normal splicing and a mutated degron domain. Stable transgenic lines of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> ectopically expressing the mutant and wild-type alleles of <i>AUX/IAA16</i> were developed. <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plants expressing the mutant <i>AUX/IAA16</i> allele grew shorter roots on control media. However, transgenic root growth was less inhibited on media containing either dicamba (5 μM) or IAA (0.5 μM) when compared with non-transgenic plants or those expressing the wild-type allele of <i>AUX/IAA16. In vitro</i> assays indicate reduced binding affinity and more rapid dissociation of the mutant AUX/IAA16 with TIR1 in the presence of several auxins, and protein modeling suggests the substitution of the glycine residue in the degron domain of AUX/IAA16 is especially important for resistance. A fitness cost associated with the mutant allele of <i>AUX/IAA16</i> has implications for resistance evolution and management of kochia populations with this resistance mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144673042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barley resistance and susceptibility to fungal cell entry involve the interplay of ROP signaling with phosphatidylinositol-monophosphates","authors":"Lukas Sebastian Weiß,&nbsp;Mariem Bradai,&nbsp;Christoph Bartram,&nbsp;Mareike Heilmann,&nbsp;Julia Mergner,&nbsp;Bernhard Kuster,&nbsp;Götz Hensel,&nbsp;Jochen Kumlehn,&nbsp;Stefan Engelhardt,&nbsp;Ingo Heilmann,&nbsp;Ralph Hückelhoven","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70356","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rho-of-plant small GTPases (ROPs) are regulators of plant polar growth and of plant–pathogen interactions. The barley ROP, RACB, is involved in susceptibility toward infection by the barley powdery mildew fungus <i>Blumeria hordei</i> (<i>Bh</i>) but little is known about the cellular pathways that connect RACB signaling to disease susceptibility. Here we identify novel RACB interaction partners of plant or fungal origin by untargeted co-immunoprecipitation of constitutively active (CA) RACB tagged by green fluorescent protein from <i>Bh</i>-infected barley epidermal layers and subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Three of the immunoprecipitated proteins, a plant phosphoinositide phosphatase, a plant phosphoinositide phospholipase, and a putative <i>Bh</i>-effector protein, are involved in the barley-<i>Bh-</i>pathosystem and support disease resistance or susceptibility, respectively. RACB and its plant interactors bind to overlapping anionic phospholipid species <i>in vitro</i>, and in the case of RACB, this lipid interaction is mediated by its carboxy-terminal polybasic region (PBR). Fluorescent markers for anionic phospholipids show altered subcellular distribution in barley cells during <i>Bh</i> attack and under expression of a RACB-binding fungal effector. Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, and phosphatidylserine show a distinct enrichment at the haustorial neck region, suggesting a connection to subcellular targeting of RACB at this site. The interplay of ROPs with anionic phospholipids and phospholipid-metabolizing enzymes may thus enable the subcellular enrichment of components pivotal for success or failure of fungal penetration.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70356","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recovery of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 gene-knockout phenotypes in Nicotiana benthamiana via in vivo generation of inverted repeat construct of the trans-acting short interference RNA3 sequence","authors":"Kouki Matsuo","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70350","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pharmaceutical recombinant proteins are widely produced using plants; however, several challenges such as low productivity limit their application. To overcome these problems, <i>RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6</i>-knockout <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants (<i>rdr6</i> plants) were previously produced for the mass production of recombinant proteins. These <i>rdr6</i> plants produced higher amounts of recombinant proteins than wild-type plants, but their practical use for recombinant protein production is limited by their sterility and small leaf size. As an essential component of the microRNA 390-trans-acting short interference RNA3-auxin response factor (miR390-<i>TAS3</i>-<i>ARF</i>) pathway, <i>rdr6</i> modulates leaf morphology, flower architecture, and embryo development. In fact, the expression levels of <i>ARF</i>3 and 4 genes differed in leaves, flowers, and buds of wild-type and <i>rdr6</i> plants. Therefore, a dysfunctional miR390-<i>TAS3</i>-<i>ARF</i> pathway might be responsible for the sterility and small leaf size of the <i>rdr6</i> plants. Herein, to overcome the disadvantages of <i>rdr6</i> plants while maintaining the high productivity of recombinant proteins, the miR390-<i>TAS3</i>-<i>ARF</i> pathway was reconstructed. Transgenic <i>rdr6</i> plants expressing the inverted repeat constructs of the <i>TAS3</i> sequence of <i>N. benthamiana</i> were successfully produced (TAS3i plants). These plants produced seeds and large leaves, like the wild-type plants, while maintaining a high productivity of recombinant proteins, like the <i>rdr6</i> plants. Thus, the TAS3i plants can be considered useful for producing recombinant proteins. This is the first report that the miR390-<i>TAS3</i>-<i>ARF</i> pathway can function in plants in the absence of <i>RDR6</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox buffering and H2O2 orchestrate the vegetative development of Marchantia polymorpha","authors":"Cilian Kock,&nbsp;Judith Helmig,&nbsp;Nora Gutsche,&nbsp;Tom Dierschke,&nbsp;Stefanie J. Müller-Schüssele,&nbsp;Sabine Zachgo","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70317","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Redox processes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling play not only a crucial role in stress responses but also in angiosperm development. However, the specific mechanisms by which redox homeostasis regulates meristems and growth in non-vascular plants remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the roGFP2-hGrx1 and HyPer7 redox-biosensors for imaging dynamic glutathione (GSH) and H₂O₂ redox states in the liverwort <i>Marchantia polymorpha</i>. RoGFP2-hGrx1 microscopy, together with analysis of knockdown plants of the <i>GAMMA GLUTAMYLCYSTEINE SYNTHETASE</i> gene Mp<i>GSH1</i>, unveiled a more reduced GSH redox potential (<i>E</i>_GSH) in the meristematic region and a more oxidized state in differentiated thallus tissues. Rather than absolute <i>E</i>_GSH values, maintenance of a GSH redox gradient is crucial for proper vegetative development. High-resolution HyPer7 analysis detected a heterogenous H₂O₂ accumulation. Overall, the meristematic region exhibits lower H₂O₂ levels. Notably, a small zone with higher sensor oxidation is localized in the center of the meristem, likely comprising stem cells and proliferating derivatives. In differentiated thallus tissue, higher levels of H₂O₂ were detected. External H₂O₂ application revealed dose-dependent effects that promote or arrest growth. Overproliferation in the meristematic region, driven by treatment with the CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-related peptide (MpCLE2p) increased H₂O₂ levels in expanded meristems, supporting the importance of H₂O₂ signaling in balancing cell proliferation and differentiation in <i>M. polymorpha</i>. Further comparative high-resolution redox sensor studies in bryophytes and vascular plants can shed light on the contribution of redox processes to the regulation of developmental processes and the formation of increasingly complex land plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70317","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TaSGT1 increased salt stress tolerance through the TaSGT1-TaRGLG2-TaPPCa model in wheat","authors":"Yuxiang Qin,&nbsp;Shuang Sun,&nbsp;Ruiping Su,&nbsp;Zining Sun,&nbsp;Mengyao Tang,&nbsp;Haomiao Nian,&nbsp;Geng Tian,&nbsp;Shujuan Zhang,&nbsp;Genying Li","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70323","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>High salt in the soil limits plant growth and crop productivity. Under salt stress, plants have evolved various adaptive mechanisms, among which protein degradation by ubiquitination is an effective one. SGT1 is an inhibitory factor of the S-phase kinase-associated protein 1 (Skp1) G2 allele. It is well known that SGT1 is a key regulator of R-gene-mediated disease resistance. But little is known about its function and molecular mechanism in regulating salt stress tolerance. In this study, using yeast two-hybridization analysis, we identified an SGT1 in wheat. It was induced for expression by NaCl and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The fluorescence signal of TaSGT1-GFP fusion protein was located on the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. <i>TaSGT1B</i> overexpressing transgenic wheat exhibited more well-developed roots and earlier flowering but had a lower plant height compared to the wild-type plants. Also, overexpression of <i>TaSGT1B</i> increased salt, PEG, and drought stress tolerance as well as ABA sensitivity in wheat. While the <i>TaSGT1</i> edited wheat lines showed opposite phenotypes. Interaction analysis demonstrated TaSGT1 directly interacted with the ubiquitin ligase TaRGLG2. Further, TaRGLG2 interacted with TaPP2Ca (5, 7, 8, 9) and could mediate their ubiquitination. The activity of TaPP2Ca was lower in <i>TaSGT1B</i> overexpressing transgenic wheat than in the wild-type line under salt stress. All these results demonstrated that TaSGT1 mediated the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of the negative regulatory factor TaPP2Ca through a TaSGT1-TaRGLG2-TaPP2Ca model, thereby enhancing salt stress tolerance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient photoproduction of a high-value sesquiterpene pentalenene from the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","authors":"Mengjie Li,&nbsp;Songlin Ma,&nbsp;Jilong Zhao,&nbsp;Xiaotan Dou,&nbsp;Keqing Liu,&nbsp;Gerui Yin,&nbsp;Yuxue Chen,&nbsp;Song Xue,&nbsp;Fantao Kong","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Microalgae can convert CO₂ into energy-rich bioproducts through photosynthesis, emerging as promising platforms for sustainable and light-driven terpenoid production. Pentalenene, a tricyclic sesquiterpene originally identified as an antibiotic metabolite in <i>Streptomyces</i> species, has recently emerged as a promising candidate for advanced aviation fuels. However, pentalenene biosynthesis does not naturally occur in photosynthetic microorganisms, limiting its cost-effective production. In this study, we established a photosynthetic platform for pentalenene production by expressing a heterologous pentalenene synthase (<i>penA</i>) in the microalga <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>. To enhance pentalenene production, we engineered the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway by overexpressing rate-limiting enzymes deoxyxylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and 4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl-diphosphate reductase (HDR). We also introduced isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase (IDI) to improve the equilibrium between the precursors isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). The engineered <i>penA</i>-<i>DXS-HDR-IDI</i> strain achieved a titer of 2.86 mg/L, which is a 10.2-fold increase compared with the parental strain expressing <i>penA</i> alone. The <i>penA-DXS-HDR-IDI</i> strain achieved a pentalenene titer of 13.65 mg/L under photomixotrophic conditions in photobioreactors. In addition, metabolite profiling revealed elevated levels of MEP pathway intermediates (DXP, MEP, ME-cPP) and precursors glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as critical drivers of high pentalenene yields. Notably, the engineered pentalenene-producing strains exhibited cell growth and photosynthetic activity comparable to the untransformed strain. This study represents the first successful attempt to produce pentalenene in a photosynthetic host and provides a rational engineering strategy for the production of other sesquiterpenes in microalgae and other industrial microorganisms.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The occupancy of Ghd7 to the transcriptional activation domain of Hd1 leads to functional conversion of Hd1 from promoting to suppressing heading under long-day conditions in rice","authors":"Qian Liu,&nbsp;Xin Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao Tan,&nbsp;Qingli Wen,&nbsp;Guibi Liu,&nbsp;Shuangle Li,&nbsp;Bo Zhang,&nbsp;Zhanyi Zhang,&nbsp;Bi Wu,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Haiyang Liu,&nbsp;Yongzhong Xing","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70301","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hd1 alone constantly promotes heading both under LD and SD conditions in rice. But it suppresses heading in the presence of Ghd7 under LD conditions. It is not clear how Ghd7 makes Hd1 function conversion. To address this question, both Hd1 and Ghd7 were truncated for protein interaction analysis. Ghd7-TS (the terminal amino acids 243–257 of Ghd7) and Hd1-ZN (the zinc finger domain of Hd1) were verified as the interaction domains between Hd1 and Ghd7. Moreover, Hd1(243–337) was demonstrated as the primary transcriptional activation domain of Hd1. The interaction domain edited alleles <i>Hd1</i>^▵ZN and <i>Ghd7</i>^▵T<i>S</i> kept a partial function in regulating heading date but lost the interaction ability. The mutants <i>Hd1</i>^▵ZN<i>Ghd7</i> or <i>Hd1Ghd7</i>^▵T<i>S</i> showed a much earlier heading date than the wildtype <i>Hd1Ghd7</i> mainly due to the elimination of interaction effect. The length of non-specific amino acids appended near the Ghd7-TS region is highly correlated with Hd1 transcriptional repression, suggesting that Ghd7 inhibits Hd1 transcriptional activity probably through a steric hindrance effect by targeting its activation domain, in turn reducing the expression of <i>Ehd1</i>, <i>Hd3a</i>, and <i>RFT1</i>, and ultimately delaying heading. These findings provide new insights into the photoperiodic flowering mechanism and the flexibility to breed varieties with fine differences in heading date by utilizing the edited <i>Hd1</i>^▵ZN or <i>Ghd7</i>^▵T<i>S</i> alleles.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"123 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}