生命科学最新文献

{"title":"How Soil Texture Modulates Root Adaptation to Water Stress Through Structural Reinforcement, Energy Supply, and Nutrient Acquisition.","authors":"Yuan Gao, Jiao Luo, Guoying Liu, Shuhui Zhang, Jianming Li","doi":"10.1111/pce.70803","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interaction between soil texture and water shapes root adaptation, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the physiological and transcriptional mechanisms by which soil texture regulates tomato root responses to water stress. We conducted using three soil textures-silty clay (SC), loam (L), and sandy loam (SL) under two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW, 70%-90% field capacity, FC) and water deficit (WD, 40%-60% FC). Among SC, L, and SL, available water content (AWC) and penetration resistance (PR) gradually increased, while air-filled porosity (AFP) decreased and water stress further reduced AWC and increase both PR and AFP. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of root physiological, transcriptomics, and soil physical properties revealed that soil texture modulates the adaptive strategies of tomato roots to water stress. Under water stress, roots in SC upregulate respiratory enzymes to enhance root respiratory activity, and also upregulate lignin biosynthesis-related genes, leading to earlier lignin accumulation. In SL, roots upregulated genes involved in lignin synthesis and cell wall expansion, accelerating lignin deposition and cell wall thickening, while respiratory activity decreased. In L, roots upregulated nitrate transporter and aquaporin genes to coordinate nitrogen and water uptake, while maintaining relatively high respiratory activity. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed to construct pathways elucidating the relationships among key genes, soil physical properties, and root physiological indicators. The study unravelled the cooperative mechanism by which soil texture and water stress modulate root growth through soil physical properties, providing a scientific basis for managing different soil textures under water-limiting conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"9175-9191"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme Polyploidy Reveals Functional Trade-Offs in Plant Drought Responses.","authors":"Javier López-Jurado, Enrique Mateos-Naranjo, Francisco Balao, Ajaree Thonglim, Frederic Lens, Timothy J Brodribb","doi":"10.1111/pce.70772","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyploidy shapes plant physiology and anatomy, yet the extent to which different ploidy levels influence drought responses remains unclear. Here, we investigated how ploidy affects cell-level coordination and functional traits associated with water transport and retention. We used glasshouse-grown plants of the carnation Dianthus broteri, a species complex composed of naturally distinct populations differing in cytotype: diploid (2×), low-polyploid (4×), and high-polyploid (6× and 12×). Leaf anatomical traits scaled with ploidy: higher-ploidy cytotypes exhibited larger stomata and pavement cells, with coordinated reductions in stomatal and vein densities. However, the 12× cytotype deviated from this trend and displayed higher g_min and thinner epicuticular wax. Stem xylem anatomical traits and hydraulic vulnerability were largely conserved, except for thicker intervessel pit membranes in 6× and 12× individuals, which correlated with delayed embolism spread (P₂₅). Plant structure-function trait combinations indicate that cytotypes differ in water-use syndromes rather than aligning along a single dimension of drought response. Under drought conditions, lower ploidies maintained functional canopies through reduced water loss, whereas 12× showed a less conservative water-use strategy and seasonal canopy loss. Altogether, we provide new insights into how polyploidy can influence drought adaptation and survival strategies via anatomical and functional trait shifts.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8697-8711"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148597022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Natural Diversity and Rational Design for Enhanced Plant Immunity.","authors":"Nathan Diplock, Jennifer D Lewis","doi":"10.1111/pce.70758","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant pathogens cause crop loss. Genetic resistance, through natural genetic diversity or engineered resistance, can be highly effective in protecting plants from infection. Genetic resistance from wild relatives of crops has been successfully introduced into crops to control pathogen infection. Natural genetic diversity has also been used to dissect the molecular mechanisms of immunity. Pathogen recognition can be engineered due to advances in structural and computational biology, which have accelerated rational design approaches. We specifically focus on natural and engineered diversity in indirect recognition of pathogens, where the pathogen modifies a host protein and the modification is detected by a plant immune receptor, as these recognition systems are particularly common in bacterial pathogen resistance. We explore natural genetic diversity for indirect recognition at three scales (1) across species (2) within species and (3) within individuals. Finally, we extend these insights to approaches for rational engineering of plant-pathogen recognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8643-8656"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ozone Susceptibility of Tropical Tree Species.","authors":"Mst Nahid Farha, Flossie Brown, Lucas A Cernusak, Stephen Sitch, Alexander W Cheesman","doi":"10.1111/pce.70777","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tropical forests account for approximately 60% of global terrestrial photosynthesis, yet their function into the future may be compromised by rising ground-level ozone (O₃) pollution. Although O₃ is known to impair plant productivity, the physiological mechanisms underlying interspecific variation in O₃ susceptibility-especially among tropical trees-remain poorly resolved. Here we exposed 11 tropical tree species to a gradient of O₃ concentrations using open-top chambers and quantified whole-plant biomass responses alongside key plant functional traits. Species varied markedly in O₃ susceptibility, with relative growth reductions best explained by differences in plant mass per unit leaf area (PMA). Contrary to expectations, antioxidant capacity and leaf mass per area were not predictive of O₃ susceptibility of tropical tree species. These findings indicate that fundamental structural traits may mediate tropical tree responses to O₃, and that species with higher PMA exhibit greater resilience-within the experimental framework employed here. Our results help inform trait-based risk assessments and support the need for improved representation of O₃ impacts in models of carbon cycling in tropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8883-8894"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methyl Benzoate Acts as a Dusk-Associated Airborne Cue Activating NPR1-Dependent Defence Signalling.","authors":"Riichiro Yoshida, Nguyen Thi Duyen, Nao Shimomai, Yuma Tanaka","doi":"10.1111/pce.70754","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70754","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8400-8403"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148443611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Shapes Elevational Gradients in Concentration, Composition, and Functional Diversity of Willow Metabolomes.","authors":"Sofian A Renoult, Priscila Mezzomo, Jing V Leong, Pavel Sebek, Shristee Panthee, Jaroslav Kukla, Petr Nguyen, Martin Moos, Dale L Forrister, Natascha D Wagner, Elvira Hörandl, Petr Koutecký, Brian E Sedio, Jan Frouz, Nicole M van Dam, Martin Volf","doi":"10.1111/pce.70775","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70775","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants produce broad spectra of metabolites comprising primary metabolites involved in core physiological processes and specialized metabolites mediating responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Understanding how these various components of the metabolome respond to different environmental pressures can help us to understand drivers of phytochemical diversity and its role in plant ecology and evolution. We investigated how climatic stress, soil resources, and herbivory influence various measures of phytochemical diversity in four willow species along an elevational gradient (950-2250 m a.s.l.), focusing on flavonoids, salicinoids, and primary metabolites. Harsher climates increased metabolite concentrations, particularly salicinoids, but reduced flavonoid richness and overall structural α-diversity. Similar responses in primary metabolites suggest that these shifts extend beyond defence chemistry. Chemical properties showed the strongest shifts in flavonoids and salicinoids and weaker changes in primary metabolites. β-diversity generally increased with elevation and was most strongly associated with climate, while soil nutrients contributed to shifts in β-diversity of salicinoids and primary metabolites. Willow species showed weak genetic differentiation across elevation, suggesting limited population divergence. Together, these results indicate that elevational shifts in willow chemistry involve broad but uneven reorganization across the metabolome, with different metabolite groups and measures of diversity plastically responding to different drivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8851-8866"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13646653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148647962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VviWRKY50-Mediated Repression of VviPME39 Underpins Gibberellin-Induced Resistance to Fruit Cracking in Grape.","authors":"Yizhe Cheng, Vivek Yadav, Chuan Zhang","doi":"10.1111/pce.70720","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Berry cracking is a severe physiological disorder that compromises quality and causes economic losses in grapes. Despite recent research progress, current knowledge offers limited insight into the molecular pathways. This study shows that gibberellin (GA₃) effectively mitigates berry cracking in the susceptible cultivar 'White Munake' by modulating cell wall remodeling processes. Multi-omics analysis revealed that GA₃ treatment significantly alters key pectin-modifying enzymes and cell wall related pathways. Results showed that VviPME39, which encodes a pectin methylesterase, facilitates the maintenance of cell wall structure. Functional validation through heterologous overexpression in tomato confirmed that VviPME39 enhances fruit cracking susceptibility and reduces firmness. Furthermore, we identified VviWRKY50 as a transcriptional repressor that directly binds to the VviPME39 promoter and inhibits its expression, proposing a potential novel GA₃-VviWRKY50-VviPME39 regulatory module. This pathway operates independently of ethylene-mediated softening mechanisms reported in other species, revealing a unique hormonal regulatory strategy in grape. Our study showed fundamental insights into the molecular mechanism of berry cracking and identified possible targets for breeding crack-resistant grape varieties through manipulation of the VviWRKY50-VviPME39 regulatory mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8034-8048"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual-Barrier Mechanism of Gibberellin in Alleviating Aluminium Toxicity: Cell Wall Immobilization and Casparian Strip Reinforcement.","authors":"Miaoyan Yang, Lele Deng, Qingyun Yan, Ruiqi Ma, Yuying Liu, Runze Li, Jing Lv, Min Xiong, Xiaona Yu, Haiying Xiang, Jianduo Zhang, Changbo Dai, Qi Wu","doi":"10.1111/pce.70755","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aluminium (Al) toxicity severely limits crop productivity in acidic soils by inhibiting root growth and nutrient uptake, yet the hormonal mechanisms coordinating Al defence in tobacco remain unclear. Here, we show that Al stress rapidly induces gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in tobacco roots, and that GA signalling mitigates Al toxicity by promoting root growth and reducing Al accumulation. Using exogenous GA application, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated NtGA3-ox1 mutants, GA biosynthesis inhibitors, transcriptomic profiling, and biochemical analyses, we demonstrate that GA enhances Al exclusion through two complementary mechanisms: remodelling root cell wall composition, particularly by increasing hemicellulose content to sequester Al, and reinforcing the endodermal Casparian strip (CS) through the upregulation of CS-associated genes. Pharmacological manipulation of lignin biosynthesis confirms that early CS formation was critical for restricting Al entry. These findings reveal GA as a dynamic regulator of Al stress adaptation, coordinating structural and biochemical defences to maintain root growth, and highlight GA signalling as a potential target for improving crop tolerance to Al-toxic acidic soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8458-8475"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Insights Into Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Its Response to Abiotic Stresses.","authors":"Huayan Zhao, Hui Wang, Haodong Huang, Haitao Li, Shiyou Lü","doi":"10.1111/pce.70743","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cuticular waxes, together with cutin, form a hydrophobic barrier that protects the plants against various biotic and abiotic stresses. The past decade has seen remarkable progress in deciphering the wax biosynthesis and transport, however, the continuous discovery of wax-defective mutants and the development of diverse technologies are progressively refining our current understanding of wax biosynthetic pathways. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the biosynthetic pathway and transport mechanisms of plant cuticular waxes, with a particular emphasis on recent breakthroughs, including the carbon reallocation mechanism between the alkane-forming and alcohol-forming pathways, as well as the emerging branched-chain wax biosynthesis pathway. We also review how wax synthesis responds to diverse abiotic stresses, including salt, extreme water conditions and temperature, light, and outline critical knowledge gaps that remain to be addressed, including the wax biosynthesis in non-model plants, the physiological function of branched wax and their underlying molecular mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8230-8245"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lower Stem Freezing Point Tied to Greater Frost Embolism Vulnerability: A Comparison Between Ring- and Diffuse-Porous Temperate Tree Species.","authors":"Han-Xiao Cui, Yong-Jiao Zhou, Ai-Ying Wang, Shen-Hao Song, Cheng-Lin Yuan, Yan Li, Fabián G Scholz, Sandra J Bucci, Guillermo Goldstein, Guang-You Hao","doi":"10.1111/pce.70747","DOIUrl":"10.1111/pce.70747","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperate ring-porous tree species are more vulnerable to freezing-induced embolism than their diffuse-porous counterparts due to their large earlywood vessels. Although ring-porous species can restore hydraulic function by forming earlywood vessels in early spring, they may face high risk of embolism during spring frosts. Here, we tested the hypothesis that ring-porous temperate trees employ a strategy of enhanced freezing avoidance to protect their vulnerable earlywood vessels from the risk of freezing-induced embolism. We quantified the degree of embolism in overwintering stems, ice nucleation temperature (INT_xylem), water content (WC_xylem), and non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in stem xylems of 20 temperate tree species (nine diffuse-porous and 11 ring-porous) grown in a common garden. Consistent with our hypothesis, ring-porous species suffered severe embolism over the winter and exhibited stronger freezing avoidance during spring. While diffuse-porous species rely on smaller vessels to resist freezing-induced embolism, ring-porous species showed stronger ability of freezing avoidance by lowering INT_xylem via reduced WC_xylem and higher NSC concentrations. This strategy likely protects their vulnerable, newly developed earlywood vessels from freezing-induced hydraulic dysfunction. These findings reveal distinct strategies between temperate diffuse-porous and ring-porous species for coping with spring frost stress, providing insights into forest responses to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":"8289-8301"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148434561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}