生命科学最新文献

{"title":"SlASR3 mediates crosstalk between auxin and jasmonic acid signaling to regulate trichome formation in tomato","authors":"Xianzhe Zheng,&nbsp;Yongfei Jian,&nbsp;Qian Long,&nbsp;Yingqing Luo,&nbsp;Xin Xu,&nbsp;Qiongdan Zhang,&nbsp;Yulin Cheng,&nbsp;Baowen Huang,&nbsp;Dan Qiu,&nbsp;Zhengguo Li,&nbsp;Jirong Zheng,&nbsp;Weiqing Zhang,&nbsp;Wei Deng","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trichomes play a pivotal role in plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Both auxin and jasmonic acid (JA) could induce tomato type II, V, and VI trichome formation. However, the existence of crosstalk between auxin and JA in trichome formation is not yet fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a Trihelix/MYB-like gene, <i>SlASR3</i>, is inhibited by both auxin and JA and is expressed in type II and VI trichomes in tomatoes. Knock-down or knockout of <i>SlASR3</i> increased the densities of type II and VI trichomes, whereas overexpression of <i>SlASR3</i> reduced the densities of type II and VI trichomes. <i>SlASR3</i> was involved in the indole acetic acid (IAA)- and JA-induced formation of these trichome types. SlARF4 negatively regulated the transcription of <i>SlASR3</i>, and its effect on IAA-induced trichome formation depended on SlASR3. Likewise, SlMYC1 negatively regulated the transcription of <i>SlASR3</i>, and the regulation of SlMYC1 on JA-induced trichome formation was also SlASR3-dependent. Knock-down or knockout of <i>SlASR3</i> increased the resistance to two-spotted spider mites in tomatoes. The research findings demonstrate that SlASR3 acts as a mediator in the crosstalk between JA and auxin signaling to regulate trichome formation and provide a new candidate gene for enhancing resistance to two-spotted spider mites.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To infinity and beyond: recent progress, bottlenecks, and potential of clonal seeds by apomixis","authors":"Bas Heidemann,&nbsp;Elias Primetis,&nbsp;Iris E. Zahn,&nbsp;Charles J. Underwood","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Apomixis – clonal seed production in plants – is a rare yet phylogenetically widespread trait that has recurrently evolved in plants to fix hybrid genotypes over generations. Apomixis is absent from major crop species and has been seen as a holy grail of plant breeding due to its potential to propagate hybrid vigor in perpetuity. Here we exhaustively review recent progress, bottlenecks, and potential in the individual components of gametophytic apomixis (avoidance of meiosis, skipping fertilization by parthenogenesis, autonomous endosperm development), and sporophytic apomixis. The <i>Mitosis instead of Meiosis</i> system has now been successfully set up in three species (<i>Arabidopsis</i>, rice, and tomato), yet significant hurdles remain for universal bioengineering of clonal gametes. Parthenogenesis has been engineered in even more species, yet incomplete penetrance still remains an issue; we discuss the choice of parthenogenesis genes (<i>BABY BOOM</i>, <i>PARTHENOGENESIS</i>, <i>WUSCHEL</i>) and also how to drive egg cell-specific expression. The identification of pathways to engineer autonomous endosperm development would allow fully autonomous seed production, yet here significant challenges remain. The recent achievements in the engineering of synthetic apomixis in rice at high penetrance show great potential and the remaining obstacles toward implementation in this crop are addressed. Overall, the recent practical examples of synthetic apomixis suggest the field is flourishing and implementation in agricultural systems could soon take place.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversification and evolution of serine/arginine-rich splicing factors in plants","authors":"Mingxi Guo,&nbsp;Chao Liang,&nbsp;Mingyang Cui,&nbsp;Linlin Luo,&nbsp;Zhongtian Gao,&nbsp;Haolang Chen,&nbsp;Qi Xie,&nbsp;Jie Cui,&nbsp;Lin Liu,&nbsp;Beixin Mo,&nbsp;Lei Gao","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In plants, serine/arginine-rich splicing factors (SRSFs) play an essential role in pre-mRNA splicing, influencing growth and stress response. The present study investigated the evolution and diversification of SR proteins in plants by phylogenetic analysis. First, we identified 1650 SR proteins from 132 plant species. Large-scale phylogenetic analysis divided these SR proteins into nine subfamilies: SR, RS, SC, SCL, RSZ, RS2Z, SR45, SR45a, and a newly discovered RSZ-like subfamily. The analysis also suggested that SR proteins of animals and plants originated from an ancient <i>SR</i> gene of a common ancestor of eukaryotes and showed that RSZ-like subfamily diverged in fern. We also found the presence of the newly discovered RSZ-like subfamily in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms as a sister group of SR45 and SR45a, indicating a common ancestor. In addition, we detected deletion of the N-terminal RS domain in a few members of SR45 and SR45a of plants. These findings provide novel insights into the phylogeny of the <i>SR</i> gene family in plants, emphasizing their crucial function as a splicing factor.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strigolactones, ROS and ABA Regulate Systemic Salt-Tolerance Priming Signals Between Dodder-Connected Tobacco Plants.","authors":"Xijie Zheng, Jingxiong Zhang, Man Zhao, Zhongxiang Su, Hongjing Li, Jianqiang Wu","doi":"10.1111/pce.15438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15438","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The parasitic plants dodders (Cuscuta spp., Convolvulaceae) can often simultaneously parasitize two or more neighbouring hosts, forming dodder-connected plant clusters. In a dodder-connected plant cluster, salt-induced systemic priming signals are transferred from the salt-stressed host (signal donor, SD) to the other host (signal receiver, SR) through dodder and prime the SR plants for enhanced salt tolerance, but what signalling pathways regulate the dodder-mediated interplant priming signals remain unclear. In this study, using genetic analyses, we show that in dodder-connected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) clusters, the strigolactone (SL), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abscisic acid (ABA) pathway in the SD plants negatively control the salt stress-induced systemic signals from SD to SR plants. Transcriptome data suggested that the salt-induced systemic signals regulated by SLs in the SD plants may also affect the ABA and ROS signalling pathway in the SR plants. Quantification of the ABA and H₂O₂ contents in the SD plants suggested that the SL and ROS signalling likely converge on the ABA pathway to regulate the priming signals. This study reveals the important regulatory roles of phytohormones and ROS in dodder-mediated interplant communications and provides new insight into systemic signalling during salt stress adaptation in individual plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VvprePIP, the Precursor of a PAMP-Induced Secreted Peptide, Stimulates Defence Responses and Improves Resistance to Plasmopora viticola in Grapevine.","authors":"Huimin Huang, Jiaqi Liu, Wei Wu, Jiang Lu","doi":"10.1111/pce.15439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PRRs (Pattern-Recognition Receptors) distributed on plant cell membranes recognize not only PAMPs (Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns) released from the pathogens but also ligand peptides secreted from the plants, followed by eliciting defence responses. Here, we demonstrate that transcription of VvprePIP from grape (Vitis vinifera) encoding the precursor of a PIP (PAMP-Induced secreted Peptide) peptide is activated by Plasmopara viticola infection. Overexpression of VvprePIP increases the expression of defence-related genes and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production, enhancing resistance to P. viticola in V. vinifera. A WRKY transcription factor VvWRKY8 interacts with VvprePIP promoter, upregulating its transcription directly. The immune reactions resulting from ectopic expression of VvprePIP are impaired in NbBAK1-silencing tobacco, implying BAK1 is necessary for the recognition between mature peptide VvPIP and its receptor. The conserved region at the C terminus of VvprePIP carries three typical SGPS-GH motifs, all of which contribute to provoke immune responses in plant. As synthetic VvPIP with a hydroxylated modification at the forth proline can mimic the functions of overexpression of the precursor, while synthetic unmodified VvPIP cannot, we reported that hydroxyproline is required for VvPIPs to serve as an active signal molecular. In conclusion, our studies reveal that VvprePIP plays a role in enhancing plant resistance to pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleavable donor-assisted CRISPR/Cas9 system significantly improves the efficiency of large DNA insertion in Physcomitrium patens","authors":"Xinyuan Gu,&nbsp;Jintao Lang,&nbsp;Ying Chang,&nbsp;Min Zhang","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Precise insertion of desired fragments can be achieved by CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. However, a decrease in knock-in efficiency has been observed with increasing length of exogenous inserts. In this study, we developed an <i>in vivo</i> cleavable (IVC) donor-assisted CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve efficiency, particularly for larger inserts, in the moss <i>Physcomitrium patens</i> (<i>P. patens</i>). The IVC donor, which contains two Cas9 nuclease recognition sites flanking the homology template, enables the <i>in vivo</i> release of the linear template for homology-directed repair (HDR) when co-delivered with the corresponding CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid into protoplasts. In our experimental framework, two distinct sgRNAs and four different DNA inserts were evaluated. Compared with standard circular donors, IVC donors significantly enhanced the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated precise insertion of 5.8, 7.5, and 11.1 kb DNA fragments at the <i>PpPDV2-4</i> sgRNA target site, improving integration rates from 29.6 to 67.8%, from 15.0 to 72.0%, and from 12.1 to 65.6%, respectively. At an alternative sgRNA2 target site within the <i>Pp6c18_3160</i> locus, the IVC donor also demonstrated a higher knock-in efficiency for a 7.4 kb fragment compared with the standard circular donor. This IVC donor-assisted CRISPR/Cas9 approach for large fragment knock-in represents a powerful tool for basic research and synthetic biology efforts in moss species. Moreover, this strategy may be potentially applicable to crops that are amenable to protoplast transformation and regeneration, facilitating the improvement of key traits.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143455763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern and historical uses of plant grafting to engineer development, stress tolerance, chimeras, and hybrids","authors":"Frauke Augstein,&nbsp;Charles W. Melnyk","doi":"10.1111/tpj.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For millennia, people have grafted plants to propagate them and to improve their traits. By cutting and joining different species or cultivars together, the best properties of shoot and roots are combined in one plant to increase yields, improve disease resistance, modify plant growth or enhance abiotic stress tolerance. Today, grafting has evolved from what originated as an early form of trait engineering. The fundamental technique remains the same, but new species are being grafted, new techniques have developed and new applications for modifying development and stress tolerance are appearing. In addition, engineering possibilities such as graft chimeras, graft hybrids and the use of mobile RNAs are emerging. Here, we summarize advances in plant grafting with a focus on engineering novel traits. We discuss traditional uses of grafting to engineer traits but also focus on recent developments, challenges and opportunities for plant improvement through grafting.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/tpj.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Conserved Endonuclease From Rust Fungi Suppresses Plant Extracellular DNA-Triggered Immunity.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Zhenkai Hao, Jiting Nian, Yanfei Zhang, Song Tian, Yiqian Xu, Wanlu Duan, Zhensheng Kang, Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1111/pce.15440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nuclease 1 (NUC1) is a highly conserved nonspecific endonuclease present in vertebrates, fungi, and a few plant species. While the involvement of yeast NUC1p in apoptotic cell death independent of metacaspase or apoptosis-inducing factors is documented, its function in other fungi, particularly pathogenic ones, remains elusive. In this study, we identified and characterised the homologue of yeast NUC1p, termed PstNUC1, in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal agent of wheat stripe rust. PstNUC1 was induced during infection and was secreted to the extracellular space of the host. Silencing of PstNUC1 significantly attenuated the virulence of Pst, suggesting its critical role in pathogenicity. Exogenous treatment of PstNUC1 diminished the extracellular DNA (exDNA)-triggered plant immune response, including cell death, oxygen peroxide production, and upregulation of Pathogenesis-related genes. Notably, overexpression of wild-type PstNUC1, but not a signal peptide-deficient mutant (PstNUC1^ΔSP), in wheat compromised exDNA-triggered immunity, resulting in enhanced susceptibility to Pst infection. These finding collectively highlight the contribution of PstNUC1 to virulence through degradation of exDNA, thereby dampening the exDNA-induced plant immune response.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NbNAC1 enhances plant immunity against TMV by regulating isochorismate synthase 1 expression and the SA pathway","authors":"Feng Zhu,&nbsp;Kainan Li,&nbsp;Mengyao Cao,&nbsp;Qiping Zhang,&nbsp;Yangkai Zhou,&nbsp;Huan Chen,&nbsp;Maha AlKhazindar,&nbsp;Zhaolin Ji","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17242","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Salicylic acid (SA) plays important roles in plant local and systemic resistance. Isochorismate synthase 1 (ICS1) is a key enzyme in SA synthesis. Pathogens infection triggered the <i>ICS1</i> expression and induced SA production. However, the molecular regulation mechanism of <i>ICS1</i> against virus infection remains unclear. Here, we employed molecular genetics and physiobiochemical approaches to confirm a transcription factor <i>NbNAC1</i> from <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> is a positive regulator of resistance against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The pathways <i>NbNAC1</i> and <i>NbICS1</i> can be triggered by TMV infection. Silencing <i>NbNAC1</i> accelerated TMV-induced oxidative damage and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. It also weakened both local and systemic resistance against TMV and decreased the expression of <i>NbICS1</i>, SA signaling gene <i>NbNPR1</i>, and SA defense-related genes. The effects of <i>NbNAC1</i>-silencing were restored by overexpression of <i>NbICS1</i> or foliar SA applications. Overexpressing <i>NbNAC1</i> prevented oxidative damage and reduced the production of ROS, enhanced plant resistance against viral pathogen, and activated <i>NbICS1</i> expression, and SA downstream signaling and defense-related genes. NbNAC1 localized in nuclear and emerged the ability of transcriptional regulation. ChIP and EMSA results indicated that NbNAC1 directly binds to a fragment containing GAAATT motif of <i>NbICS1</i> promoter. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that <i>NbNAC1</i> activates <i>NbICS1</i> expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that <i>NbNAC1</i> plays a critical role in plant immunity through activation of SA production.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":"121 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salicylic Acid Cooperates With Lignin and Sucrose Signals to Alleviate Waxy Maize Leaf Senescence Under Heat Stress.","authors":"Zitao Wang, Jian Guo, Wenxuan Luo, Shiduo Niu, Lingling Qu, Jing Li, Yanping Chen, Guanghao Li, Huan Yang, Dalei Lu","doi":"10.1111/pce.15437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaf senescence induced by high temperature (HT) has become a primary factor limiting maize yield, particularly during the filling stage. Exogenous salicylic acid (SA) has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate leaf senescence and HT-induced damage, though its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of SA application on waxy maize subjected to HT during the early filling stage. Compared to HT alone, exogenous SA alleviated the inhibition of photosynthesis and oxidative damage by enhancing the activities of enzymes involved in photosynthesis and antioxidant system and modulating phytohormone metabolism and signal transduction pathways, thereby reducing leaf senescence and mitigating yield loss under HT. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that HT downregulated most genes involved in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway in leaves but promoted soluble sugar accumulation, which represents a plant strategy to cope with HT. Conversely, exogenous SA reversed this change and further enhanced soluble sugar accumulation in leaves. SA also regulated sugar metabolism by inhibiting trehalose-6-phosphate synthesis and activating SnRK1 to resist HT. Furthermore, SA stimulated lignin biosynthesis through the phenylpropanoid pathway, ensuring cell membrane integrity under HT. The relationship between SA signalling and plant heat tolerance was validated using a maize SA synthesis-synthetic mutant.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}