生命科学最新文献

{"title":"Biosynthesis-Based Spatial Metabolome of Condensed Tannin Reveals Its Role in Salt Tolerance of Non-Salt-Secretor Mangrove Kandelia obovata.","authors":"Hezi Huang, Lihan Zhuang, Hanchen Tang, Zhaoyu Guo, Qinghua Li, Zejin Lin, Mingjin Dai, Xiuxiu Wang, Yifan Wang, Hailei Zheng, Xueyi Zhu","doi":"10.1111/pce.15269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An autofluorescent inclusion (AFI) specifically accumulated in mesophyll cells (MCs) of non-salt-secretor mangrove was found to be related to salt, but its biosynthesis and spatial distribution characteristics remain unclear. Here, Kandelia obovata served as the experimental material, and the composition of AFI was identified as condensed tannin (CT). Na contents increased in purified AFIs under NaCl treatment, while Na⁺ efflux in MCs was lower than the control. In vitro, Na⁺ addition caused aggregations of AFIs. Proteins related to Na⁺/H⁺ and vesicle transport were identified in the purified AFIs by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. TEM images revealed the structures involved in CT biosynthesis in chloroplasts and CT accretions in vacuoles were more visible under higher salinity. Spatial metabolomics analysis on flavonoid metabolites involving in CT biosynthesis illustrated those flavonoids and three CT monomers were positively related to salt in MCs. Real-time quantitative PCR verified the genes encoding enzymes for CT biosynthesis were upregulated accordingly. Taken together, CT biosynthesis is positively correlated with Na accumulation in leaves. The CTs synthesized in chloroplasts are transported as shuttles to vacuole via cytoplasm, facilitating the sequestration and compartmentalization of excessive Na⁺ ions into the vacuole, which confers non-salt-secretor mangrove K. obovata a higher salt tolerance.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tomato MADS-RIN regulates GAME5 expression to promote non-bitter glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in fruit.","authors":"Yinhuan Xie, Yaping Xu, Huimin Jia, Ke Wang, Siyu Chen, Ting Ma, Yuanwei Deng, Zhaobo Lang, Qingfeng Niu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A well-known defense-associated steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA) metabolic shift eliminates the bitterness and toxicity of ripe tomato fruits. This study was conducted to clarify the effects of MADS-RIN (RIN) and its cofactors on SGA metabolism in tomato fruits. Using a CRISPR/Cas9-based gene-editing system, we mutated RIN and two cofactor genes (FUL1 and FUL2). The observed changes to fruit color and size in the mutants reflected the overlapping and distinct effects of RIN, FUL1, and FUL2 on fruit ripening. According to a UPLC-MS/MS analysis, the RIN and cofactor mutants had decreased levels of the relatively non-toxic metabolite esculeoside A, but they accumulated toxic SGA pathway intermediates, suggesting RIN and its cofactors are directly involved in esculeoside A biosynthesis. Transcriptome and qPCR analyses detected the downregulated expression of GAME5, which encodes a key enzyme mediating esculeoside A biosynthesis. ChIP-seq and ChIP-qPCR analyses confirmed GAME5 is targeted by RIN. RIN was observed to activate GAME5 transcription by binding to two non-canonical CArG-boxes in the GAME5 promoter. Additionally, RIN promotes SGA metabolism independently of ethylene. Collectively, these findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanism governing tomato fruit ripening and SGA biosynthesis. Furthermore, they may be useful for improving tomato fruit quality and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choose your own T-cell fate: creation of a narrative-based, decision-making activity to engage students in immunology.","authors":"Helen E Ritchie, Gareth Denyer, Kylie E Webster","doi":"10.1111/imcb.12833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/imcb.12833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Undergraduate courses in immunology are content-heavy and combined with a new, complex vocabulary, can be an overwhelming subject for students. In-class active learning approaches have been found to improve understanding of difficult concepts in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) disciplines; however, many undergraduate courses maintain a high dependence on lecture-style teaching because of time constraints, content demands and student resistance. We designed an online, out-of-class activity, the \"Life and Death of a T cell\", to complement a lecture on a complex immunological concept, T-cell development. Inspired by the \"Choose Your Own Adventure\" children's books, a fictional narrative was created in which students assume the role of a cell with a dream of becoming a helper T cell. Decision-making scenarios then prompt students to draw on their knowledge from the lecture to successfully navigate the steps of T-cell development. The activity was built on two platforms, Google Forms and H5P (HTML 5 Package), both of which are readily accessible and allow the inclusion of branching logic and the creation of a decision tree-based activity. An anonymous survey revealed that students found this interactive approach enjoyable, and their perceived understanding of the content significantly increased. Students appreciated the inclusion of a novel learning resource, with requests for similar activities to be developed for other immunological concepts. In conclusion, we developed a narrative-based, decision-making activity to complement a lecture on T-cell development. As an out-of-class activity, this style of learning approach can potentially capitalize on the benefits of active learning, while also overcoming barriers of student resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":179,"journal":{"name":"Immunology & Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Detailed Proteomics and Metabolomics Landscape Sheds Light on the Mechanistic Insights Into the Resistance Response of Transgenic Pigeon Pea Against Wilt Stress.","authors":"Subhasis Karmakar, Sabarinathan Selvaraj, Dipak Gayen, Mirza J Baig","doi":"10.1111/pce.15261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.15261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigeon pea, vital for farmers in semi-arid regions, suffers yield losses from Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium udum. This study demonstrates that introducing the rice oxalate oxidase 4 (Osoxo4) gene significantly boosts wilt resistance. Enhanced resistance in transgenic lines was confirmed through gene expression analysis, enzyme activity assays, biochemical assessments, histochemical staining and in vitro and in vivo bioassays, including spore germination tests. We performed proteomics and metabolomics analyses to investigate mechanisms of enhanced resistance. LC-MS/MS-based label-free proteomics of wilt-infected transgenic and wild-type pigeon pea leaves identified 2386 proteins, with 1048 showing significant abundance changes-738 upregulated and 310 downregulated-in transgenic plants. Notably, proteins such as HMG1/2-like protein, Putative nucleosome assembly protein C364.06, DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase 3, Lipoxygenase 1, Annexin D1 and Annexin-like protein RJ4 were significantly upregulated, indicating their potential role in developing wilt-resistant cultivars. Metabolomic analysis showed elevated levels of amino acids, sugars, oxalic acid, sugar alcohols and myo-inositol in transgenic pigeon pea, with upregulated pathways in Sugar and Starch Metabolism and Inositol Phosphate Metabolism, indicating enhanced resilience to wilt stress. This study highlights unique regulatory proteins and metabolites, offering insights into stress adaptation and guiding genetic interventions for breeding disease-resistant pigeon pea varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":222,"journal":{"name":"Plant, Cell & Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Arachidonic Acid Metabolizing Cytochromes P450 in the Control of Cardiovascular Functions","authors":"M. L. Perepechaeva,&nbsp;A. Yu. Grishanova","doi":"10.1134/S1990750824600158","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750824600158","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arachidonic acid (AA) is widely distributed in many organs and can be metabolized in several ways into small lipid molecules: eicosanoides that perform a physiological and/or pathophysiological role. Among them, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) and hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), which are produced by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, have attracted much attention. AA metabolites play an important role in such cellular processes as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and are also involved in the development of organs and tissues as well as in the pathogenetic processes underlying the development of various diseases; in particular, AA metabolites formed with the participation of CYP are involved in normal and pathological processes associated with the functioning of the cardiovascular system<i>.</i> This review focuses on the formation and cardiovascular effects of CYP-generated AA metabolites and summarizes current literature data on the physiological and pathophysiological significance of the CYP-dependent AA metabolic pathway and its relevance to the cardiovascular system in both health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"192 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Elevated Concentrations of Antibodies on the Immune Response in Patients with Autoimmune Thyroiditis","authors":"K. V. Vereshchagina,&nbsp;A. V. Samodova,&nbsp;L. K. Dobrodeeva","doi":"10.1134/S1990750823600565","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750823600565","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A study is performed of the effect elevated concentrations of antibodies have on the immune response in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) living in Arkhangelsk. Results from immunological examinations of 108 individuals with AIT are presented. The immunological study included examining hemograms, the contents of phenotypes of lymphocytes, cytokines, immunoglobulins, and antibodies of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), double-stranded DNA, and nucleoproteins. It was estanlished that a rise in the concentration of antibodies (AB) to TPO, ds-DNA, to RNP in patients with AIT is associated with elevated contents of mature T lymphocytes (CD3+), cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+), cells labeled for programmed cell death (CD95+), and a drop in concentrations of IL-10. An increase in the concentration of cytotoxic lymphocytes and cells labeled for apoptosis and a simultaneous drop in the concentration of regulatory IL-10 is not beneficial in terms of prognostic value for the accumulation of autoantigens and autoantibodies.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"243 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of miR-21, miR-378a, miR-205, and Their Targets in ER-Positive Breast Tumors with Different HER2 Protein Levels","authors":"G. R. Abdullin,&nbsp;T. S. Kalinina,&nbsp;V. V. Kononchuk,&nbsp;D. A. Obukhova,&nbsp;I. S. Valembakhov,&nbsp;D. D. Zakharova,&nbsp;S. I. Makarova,&nbsp;L. F. Gulyaeva","doi":"10.1134/S1990750824600195","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750824600195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tyrosine protein kinase HER2 plays an important role in carcinogenesis. In breast cancer (BC), the <i>HER2</i> gene is amplified in approximately 20% of cases. Trastuzumab is used to treat BC with <i>HER2</i> gene amplification. Trastuzumab is not effective in treating tumors with low HER2 expression, but trastuzumab deruxtecan was recently found to significantly improve prognosis in these patients. Nonetheless, there are still difficulties with accurate diagnosis of HER2-low BC, especially at the preoperative stage. In this study, when comparing the results between core needle biopsies and resection specimens using three immunohistochemistry scores (0, 1+, and 3+) of the HER2 protein level, we observed only moderate agreement (66.2%, κ = 0.486) in patients who did not undergo neoadjuvant therapy (<i>n</i> = 71). Other miRNA- or protein-coding genes regulated by HER2 signaling pathways may be additional markers for the scoring of the HER2 level. We measured levels of HER2-regulated miR-378a, -205, and -21 and mRNA levels of their target genes <i>TRPS1</i>, <i>ITGA2</i>, <i>BCL6</i>, and <i>PTEN</i> in BC surgical specimens. For estrogen receptor-positive BC (<i>n</i> = 64), we confirmed that the expression of miR-21, miR-378a, <i>TRPS1</i>, <i>PTEN</i>, and <i>BCL6</i> is associated with the HER2 protein level. Moreover, the expression profile of miR-378a, <i>BCL6</i>, and <i>PTEN</i> differed between HER2 1+ and HER2 3+ tumors. <i>TRPS1</i> expression was significantly higher in HER2 3+ tumors compared with HER2 0 tumors, but there was no difference in the amount of <i>TRPS1</i> mRNA between HER2 1+ and HER2 3+ tumors. Thus, an analysis of the expression of miR-21, miR-378a, <i>TRPS1</i>, <i>PTEN</i>, and <i>BCL6</i> may help to distinguish between HER2-negative, HER2-positive, and HER2-low BCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"275 - 285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TaWRKY24 integrates the tryptophan metabolism pathways to participate in defense against Fusarium crown rot in wheat.","authors":"Xing Xu, Tai-Fei Yu, Ji-Tong Wei, Xiao-Fei Ma, Yong-Wei Liu, Jin-Peng Zhang, Lei Zheng, Ze-Hao Hou, Jun Chen, Yong-Bin Zhou, Ming Chen, Jian Ma, Yun-Feng Jiang, Hu-Tai Ji, Li-Hui Li, You-Zhi Ma, Zhi-An Zhang, Zhao-Shi Xu","doi":"10.1111/tpj.17079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.17079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat growth process has been experiencing severe challenges arising from the adverse environment. Notably, the incidence of Fusarium crown rot (FCR), a severe soil-borne disease caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fp), has significantly intensified in various wheat-growing regions, resulting in a decline in grain yield. However, the identification of wheat varieties and the exploration of effective gene resources resistant to FCR have not yet been accomplished. Here, we screened and identified the tryptophan metabolism pathway to participate in wheat resistance to FCR by correlation analysis between transcriptome and metabolome, and found that indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) and melatonin, two key metabolites in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, were significantly accumulated in Fp-induced wheat stem bases. Interestingly, exogenous application of these two metabolites could significantly enhance wheat resistance against Fp. Additionally, we observed that the activity of TaALDHase, a crucial enzyme responsible for catalyzing IAAld to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), was inhibited. Conversely, the activity of TaMTase, a rate-limiting involved in melatonin biosynthesis, was enhanced in the Fp-induced wheat transcriptome. Further analysis showed that TaWRKY24 could regulate IAA and melatonin biosynthesis by inhibiting the expression of TaALDHase and enhancing the transcription of TaMTase, respectively. Silencing of TaALDHase could significantly increase wheat resistance to FCR. However, interference with TaWRKY24 or TaMTase could decrease wheat resistance to FCR. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the crucial role of the tryptophan metabolism pathway in conferring resistance against FCR in wheat, thereby expanding its repertoire of biological functions within the plant system.</p>","PeriodicalId":233,"journal":{"name":"The Plant Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Various Poly(A) Tails on Luciferase Expression","authors":"I. Kukushkin,&nbsp;O. Vasileva,&nbsp;D. Kunyk,&nbsp;S. Kolmykov,&nbsp;T. Sokolova,&nbsp;A. Muslimov,&nbsp;I. Terenin,&nbsp;O. Zaborova,&nbsp;A. Kirshina,&nbsp;F. Kolpakov,&nbsp;R. Ivanov,&nbsp;V. Reshetnikov","doi":"10.1134/S1990750824600055","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750824600055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Synthesis of RNA by in vitro transcription has many applications in the production of vaccines, anticancer and gene therapy medicines. Despite several advantages of mRNA molecules over DNA in terms of transient transgene expression, rapid degradation of RNA is the limiting factor for the efficacy of mRNA-based therapeutics. Translational efficiency and stability of mRNA depends on the sequence of 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, cap structure, coding sequence (CDS), and the poly(A) tail. So far, the role of the poly(A) tail sequence in mRNA stability and translational efficiency remains poorly investigated. There are few studies evaluating the influence of poly(A) tails containing certain non-A nucleotides or segments of non-A nucleotides on the efficacy of mRNA therapeutics. In our work, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of the effects of mRNA poly(A) tail on luciferase expression in cell lines HEK293 and DC2.4 and in BALB/c mice. Our results showed that mRNAs with a poly(A) tail consisting of 100 adenines separated by a segment of 10 nucleotides (50A-GCAUAUGACU-50A) have the best translational efficiency both in vitro (in cell lines) and in vivo (in BALB/c mice). Nonetheless, the results were inconsistent and depended both on cell lines and on the coding sequence (NanoLuc or firefly luciferase). Thus, effects of a mRNA poly(A) tail on luciferase expression may depend on the sequence of the gene in question and on specific features of the expression of RNA-binding proteins in cell lines.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"263 - 274"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases Complicated by Obesity","authors":"S. R. Ledovskikh,&nbsp;Ya. V. Polonskaya,&nbsp;V. S. Shramko","doi":"10.1134/S1990750823600504","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1990750823600504","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the world’s main causes of mortality. The role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as markers of CVD complications has been actively discussed in recent years. It has been proven that a high level of MMPs contributes to the development of unstable plaque, aggravating a patient’s prognosis. Being an independent risk factor, obesity also results in complications of cardiovascular diseases. Studies on the effect an increase in the body mass index and adipose tissue hormones on the level of MMPs have begun to appear. Results from clinical and experimental studies over the last 5 years devoted to studying matrix metalloproteinases are presented here. The role of MMPs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is reflected. MMPs are considered biomarkers of the development of adverse cardiovascular events. Results from studies on the effect obesity has on the level of MMPs are also presented here. A search was performed for articles in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Elibrary databases for the period from 2018 to 2023 using the keywords metalloproteinases and atherosclerosis, metalloproteinases and obesity, and the connection between atherosclerosis and obesity separately for each type of MMP.</p>","PeriodicalId":485,"journal":{"name":"Biochemistry (Moscow), Supplement Series B: Biomedical Chemistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"185 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142587780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}