信息工程最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Developing blockchain-based transparent e-commerce solutions for Danish SMEs to promote sustainable design products” [Blockchain: Research and Applications, Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2026, 100330]","authors":"Somnath Mazumdar, Robert J. Kauffman, Thomas Jensen, Raghava Rao Mukkamala, Jan Damsgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2026.100498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2026.100498","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100498"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148499965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting early cognitive decline from saccades in natural ball game viewing","authors":"Wei QIANG,&nbsp;Xucheng ZHANG,&nbsp;Yang LI,&nbsp;Xiangmin FAN,&nbsp;Wenjing BAO,&nbsp;Xiaonan ZHANG,&nbsp;Wei SUN,&nbsp;Feng TIAN","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive decline (CD) is a hallmark symptom of many neurodegenerative diseases, and in severe cases, it progresses to cognitive dysfunction and a loss of independent daily functioning. Eye movement interaction (EMI) has shown promise in detecting early signs of CD, but its applications remain largely confined to clinical settings, limiting integration into everyday life. In response, this paper proposes a novel method based on naturalistic EMI for the prediagnosis of CD, leveraging sports streaming to induce saccades and using ball movements as dynamic stimuli to uncover early neural dysfunction. Through a pilot and empirical study, we demonstrate that ball games can effectively elicit saccades, and our algorithm can accurately extract batting saccades to distinguish between the healthy control group (HCG) and the cognitive decline group (CDG). In this study with 60 participants, the accuracy of recognizing CDG in natural, unmarked game viewing was 0.7333 at best, and reached 0.8833 when semi-natural random flashing cues were introduced on balls. These findings illustrate the potential for seamlessly integrating naturalistic EMI-based prediagnosis into everyday interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 301-329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feed-forward 3D reconstruction with point-cloud representations: From DUSt3R to VGGT and beyond","authors":"Zeyi ZHENG,&nbsp;Xiong YANG,&nbsp;Ran YI,&nbsp;Lizhuang MA","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This survey reviews feed-forward, point-cloud 3D reconstruction methods from DUSt3R to VGGT and their recent variants. Here, feed-forward primarily refers to predicting dense geometry and, when applicable, camera poses through learned network inference, without relying on classical per-scene SfM + MVS optimization as the main inference mechanism. We first formalize the reconstruction task in pose-aware and pose-free settings, and contrast feed-forward point-map regression with classical Structure-from-Motion and Multi-View Stereo pipelines. Building on this, we organize existing methods into three stages: early pairwise models typified by DUSt3R, DUSt3R-style extensions that enhance multi-view consistency, streaming, efficiency, and dynamic-scene handling, and large unified transformers such as VGGT that process tens to hundreds of views jointly, while noting differences in their inference paradigms. We analyze these models along shared axes, including scene representation, correspondence reasoning, pose regression, fusion strategies, and the role of large-scale training data. We summarize widely used 3D datasets and evaluation metrics, and provide a case study on the DTU benchmark for multi-view depth and point map estimation, highlighting accuracy-efficiency trade-offs between optimization-based and feed-forward approaches. Finally, we discuss open challenges in data scarcity, sparse-view reconstruction, non-Lambertian structures, dynamic scenes, long-context processing, and resource-efficient deployment, and outline future directions that combine feed-forward architectures with differentiable rendering, generative priors, and safety mechanisms to enable scalable and trustworthy 3D reconstruction systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 265-282"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-process thermodynamic graph learning for 2D fluid simulation","authors":"Yidi WANG,&nbsp;Aik Beng NG,&nbsp;Simon SEE,&nbsp;Zhengkui WANG,&nbsp;Frank GUAN","doi":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vrih.2026.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) for fluid simulation is computationally expensive, especially when dealing with complex geometries and high-resolution meshes. Recent advances in physics-informed graph neural networks (PIGNNs) have demonstrated potential in approximating such simulations more efficiently. Particularly, thermodynamic informed graph neural networks (TIGNNs) offer a promising data-driven alternative to traditional PDE solvers for fluid simulations. However, existing TIGNN implementations suffer from significant training inefficiencies, requiring prolonged runtimes and high memory consumption due to the need to maintain large parameter matrices in GPU memory. Inspired by multi-processor strategies in deformable solid simulations, we propose a novel multi-processor thermodynamic-informed graph neural network (MP-TIGNN) architecture to significantly accelerate training without compromising accuracy. Our approach enables faster convergence and reduces memory usage with mixed-precision training by leveraging fully sharded data parallelism (FSDP) across multiple GPUs. Experimental results show that our approach reduces training time by approximately 70% compared to the original setup while maintaining similar prediction accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":33538,"journal":{"name":"Virtual Reality Intelligent Hardware","volume":"8 3","pages":"Pages 330-346"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148531496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVDF: A data protection framework for vehicle digital forensics utilizing blockchain view and cross-platform secure space","authors":"Mingxuan Li ,&nbsp;Wenqing Liu ,&nbsp;Qing Xia ,&nbsp;Yucheng Li ,&nbsp;Zhen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vehicle digital forensics (VDF) has attracted considerable attention within the Internet of Vehicles amidst the rising incidence of traffic accidents. Ensuring the authenticity and integrity of evidence is crucial for vehicular investigations. However, attackers may tamper with vehicle data, undermining the credibility of digital forensics. To mitigate this issue, existing work has explored blockchain and encryption technologies to protect forensic information. However, two significant challenges remain. On the one hand, due to the lightweight nature of blockchain, storing all data entirely on the blockchain can lead to data loss. On the other hand, multi-party blockchain forensic systems may be vulnerable to attacks on their system kernels, which could result in the leakage or tampering of sensitive data. In this paper, we propose PSVDF, a comprehensive framework for protecting and securing VDF. This framework effectively prevents data tampering by attackers and protects the privacy of individuals involved in accidents. We initially developed a cross-platform secure space with same-layer address space isolation to protect container memory data from tampering by an untrusted host operating system that may store forensic information. Subsequently, we adopted an access control strategy based on view encryption to achieve collaborative storage between on-chain and off-chain systems. This not only reduces the load pressure on the blockchain system but also prevents privacy breaches caused by unauthorized access. Finally, we adopted the blockchain system as the foundational architecture to support our proposed framework. Both security analysis and experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of our solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148243083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SmartBLock: a smart lock protocol over the Bitcoin blockchain","authors":"Mohsen Rahmanikivi,&nbsp;Cristina Pérez-Solà,&nbsp;Víctor Garcia-Font","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces “SmartBLock”, a novel protocol that integrates smart lock management with the Bitcoin blockchain. By employing blockchain technology, the SmartBLock protocol eliminates the need for centralized databases (reducing the risk of data breaches) and ensures accountability for all access events. Authentication is accomplished through Bitcoin's cryptographic signature scheme. Additionally, SmartBLock is an open and manufacturer-agnostic protocol, relying on the open and permissionless Bitcoin blockchain rather than proprietary tools or protocols. Given the limited computational capabilities of Internet of Things devices, achieving this integration presents a significant challenge. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art in smart lock protocols, details the design of the SmartBLock protocol, presents a proof-of-concept prototype to validate its feasibility, and offers a meticulous analysis of its security, privacy, and traceability features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148540055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking MEV attacks to further maximise attackers' gains: evidence from the Ethereum blockchain","authors":"Barbara Guidi,&nbsp;Andrea Michienzi","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100340","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100340","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the advent of blockchain, decentralised finance (DeFi) has become an accessible and decentralised way to create financial services. Under the umbrella of DeFi services, we find decentralised exchanges (DEXs), i.e., smart contracts that allow one to exchange tokens. Over time, new malicious activities have begun to spread, particularly those related to DEXs. Maximal extractable value (MEV), a practice in which block creators can add, remove, or change the order of transactions to increase their gains at the expense of other users, is becoming pervasive. In this study, we collected a 2-year dataset and analysed the MEV activity on the Ethereum blockchain. With our analyses, we show that despite the countermeasures, the problem is still relevant and that the value extracted could hinder the adoption of Ethereum in future projects. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of DEX platforms and tokens that are more susceptible to MEV attacks, showing that major markets are still far from solving the problem. Finally, we show that MEV attackers are becoming more sophisticated as they tend to chain different types of attacks (i.e., sandwich and arbitrage). Linked attacks are more profitable, as attackers extract more than 5 billion USD, while traditional attacks net 382 million USD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100340"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148181063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumer-controlled digital twin architecture: How blockchain technology gives consumers control over their smart devices’ digital twins and data","authors":"Filipe Pinto ,&nbsp;Catarina Ferreira da Silva ,&nbsp;Sergio Moro ,&nbsp;Pedro Aquino","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article presents Consumer-Controlled Digital Twin Architecture (C2DTA), a novel architecture that aims to empower consumers in the Personal Data Ecosystem (PDE). The hallmark of the architecture is the transfer of the smart device Digital Twin (DT) to the consumer domain, granting consumers <em>de facto</em> control over their data. This paradigm shift hinges on multiple decentralized technologies, chiefly Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI). C2DTA leverages blockchain to manage ecosystem transactions, assets, Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), and Verifiable Credentials (VCs) while enabling decentralized storage. The evolved PDE allows stakeholders to engage in trustworthy and secure peer-to-peer transactions atop DIDs. We present a literature review on the convergence of DT and SSI, including GAIA-X. We provide a comprehensive architecture analysis detailing the integrated technologies and present informed predictions for the market dynamics poised to facilitate the adoption of C2DTA and its impacts on the PDE. The architecture is implemented using Eclipse Ditto and Eclipse Mosquitto as the DT platform, Hyperledger Fabric as the transaction ledger, Hyperledger Indy as the identity ledger, Hyperledger Aries to build decentralized identity software agents, and the InterPlanetary File System for decentralized storage, showcasing a business scenario that tracks the lifecycle of a smartwatch equipped with a heartbeat sensor, from manufacture to purchase, twinning, and resale. Feasibility testing confirms that C2DTA effectively empowers consumers to manage their smart device DTs and associated data. Our evaluation, although limited by the scale of our tests, suggests that the performance impacts of the decentralized infrastructure are within acceptable parameters. Finally, we discuss future research areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148181064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategies to strengthen biosecurity regulation in the ASEAN region and the United States: Approaches and implications","authors":"Noor Dzuhaidah Osman,&nbsp;Mohd.Kamarulnizam Abdullah","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2026.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2026.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise of biological threats, such as new infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease (COVID-19), bioterrorism and unregulated biotechnology use, shows that it is critical for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region to have strong biosecurity laws, especially to safeguard public health. In this study, we examine the current biosecurity laws in three ASEAN countries: Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore. We discuss the main problems and opportunities related to legal changes and compare these laws with those in the United States (US). We distinguish biosafety, which concerns manageable risks associated with living modified organisms (LMOs), from biosecurity, which concerns predominantly uncontrollable threats. Biosecurity and biosafety hazards are, in general terms, conceptually related to public health, LMOs and biological weapons and are governed by separate sets of international laws. Rapid progress in biology, artificial intelligence and digital infrastructure has created complex risks to the health of people, animals and the environment. The experiences in several regions affected by COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome and H1N1 influenza highlight the imperative for synchronised legislative and institutional responses. We use a qualitative methodology to analyse national legislation and international legal frameworks and standards, including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety to the Convention of Biological Diversity and the International Health Regulations (IHRs) from the World Health Organization. The results show that Singapore has a well-established, regularly updated biosecurity system. Malaysia is working to build its system through new laws and policies, and Brunei’s system is still in the developing stage. The US has a comprehensive legal framework that covers how to respond to pandemics, control disease and comply with international agreements. The results reveal ongoing concerns regarding the three ASEAN countries, specifically, the absence of standardised biosecurity protocols, robust legal systems and cooperation between sectors and countries. Hence, to tackle current and emerging biosecurity concerns, these countries need to address these issues and apply lessons learned from the US.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"8 2","pages":"Pages 138-151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148554069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain-enabled framework for cross-sector integration in smart cities facilitating risk assessment and interdependency analysis","authors":"Hosny Abbas,&nbsp;Ibrahim El Sayed,&nbsp;Hamada Esmaiel,&nbsp;Bassem Abd El-Atty","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Smart City (SC) paradigm has been proposed to address the problem of fast urbanization and the worldwide motivation toward the realization of a set of globally agreed-upon sustainable development goals. However, the actual implementation of SCs faces several significant challenges: (1) managing the complex structures of interdependency that arise from cross-sector integration is a major challenge; (2) ensuring that sensitive data shared within an SC are safe and private; and (3) the availability of real-time risk and interdependency analysis instead of traditional offline modeling and simulation methods against the propagation of run-time failures such as cascade and feedback effects. To the best of our knowledge, there is a lack of research that focuses on cyber cross-sector integration and its mentioned consequences. To fill these research gaps, we suggest a blockchain-based framework called SCADA-NET for integrating different sectors within SCs. This is an important part of making SCs reliable and sustainably long-lasting on the basis of well-known algorithms from the Complex Networks Theory (CNT). A preliminary prototype for SCADA-NET was developed, and the details of its design, implementation, performance evaluation, and future improvements are provided and discussed in this paper. A consortium blockchain allows people to share data in a safe and open way, and CNT models complicated CI networks. This study revealed that these two tools can work effectively together to make cross-sector integration into SCs easy and long-lasting. We also discuss future enhancements for SCADA-NET, including scalability and applicability in the context of urban metaverses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"7 3","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148554199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}