信息工程最新文献

{"title":"Economic DAO governance: A contestable control approach","authors":"Jeff Strnad","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we propose a new form of decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) governance that uses a sequential auction mechanism to overcome the entrenched control issues that have emerged for DAOs by creating a regime of temporary contestable control. The mechanism avoids potential public choice problems inherent in voting approaches but at the same time provides a vehicle that can enhance and secure value that inheres to DAO voting and other DAO non-market governance procedures. It is robust to empty voting and is code feasible. The mechanism not only facilitates the ability of DAOs to meet their normative and operational goals in the face of diverse regulatory approaches, but also strengthens the case for creating a less burdensome but at least equally effective regulatory regime for DAOs that employ the mechanism. Designed to shift control to the party with the most promising business plan, at the same time, it deters value destruction by control parties, maximizes social surplus, and distributes that surplus in a way that tends to promote investment by other parties both at start up and on an ongoing basis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upgraded hands-on BSL-3 training model significantly improves quality of biosafety personnel training","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 148-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145267105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental pathways and drivers of antimicrobial resistance in waterborne Escherichia coli in Pakistan: a one health perspective","authors":"Adnan Khan ,&nbsp;Shahbaz Ahmad Zakki ,&nbsp;Ijaz ul Haq ,&nbsp;Muhammad Shahzad ,&nbsp;Nauman Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health crisis requiring a One Health approach to integrate surveillance across sectors, particularly in water sources, to control its spread. Considering socioeconomic and environmental factors, this study explored <em>Escherichia coli</em> and AMR patterns in water using a One Health approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>This cross-sectional study assessed <em>E. coli</em> and AMR in drinking and sewerage water across three districts in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Multi-stage random sampling yielded 840 water samples from 420 households, along with socio-demographic and AMR awareness data. Microbiological analyses identified <em>E. coli</em>, CRE, and ESBL. The resistance profiles were determined using the disk diffusion method, and the association between socio-demographics and awareness was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>E. coli</em> in drinking water was 44 %, with 40 % ESBL, 21 % CRE, and 15 % co-occurrence of ESBL and CRE. Swat had the highest <em>E. coli</em> prevalence in sewerage (78 %) and drinking water (58 %), while Bannu had the highest ESBL levels. Tetracycline resistance was widespread (78 % sewerage and 69 % drinking water). The MAR index showed that 20.5 % of the isolates were resistant to six antibiotics, varying by district. Location influenced the contamination level (<em>p</em> = 0.002). Access to health (OR = 0.497), veterinary services (OR = 0.881), and frequent medical advice (OR = 1.557) lowered <em>E. coli</em> contamination. Education (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and locality (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) affected AMR knowledge. Animal area cleaning was significantly correlated with AMR awareness.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>High <em>E. coli</em> and AMR levels in water pose public health risks because they are driven by poor sanitation, limited water access, and low awareness. Better water management, awareness, and antimicrobial control are essential to mitigate AMR spread.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 140-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening national biosafety capabilities and enhancing global biosafety governance","authors":"Chao Shan,&nbsp;Yuan Zhiming","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 137-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rug pull detection on decentralized exchange using transaction data","authors":"Suparat Srifa ,&nbsp;Yury Yanovich ,&nbsp;Robert Vasilyev ,&nbsp;Tharuka Rupasinghe ,&nbsp;Vladislav Amelin","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100275","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100275","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptocurrency has transformed finance and investment, with platforms like Uniswap facilitating billions of dollars in trades. However, malicious smart contracts and scam tokens have led to significant financial losses for decentralized finance (DeFi) users. Code analysis alone cannot detect rug pulls using social engineering tactics. To address this issue, machine learning algorithms can leverage the vast amount of transactional data stored on the blockchain, particularly time series data, to identify scam tokens. This study aims to determine the optimal timeframe for detecting rug pulls and highlights the importance of token volume and transaction count features. The findings suggest that shorter timeframes are sufficient for detecting rug pull tokens since most incidents occur soon after token creation. This research offers new insights into scam token classification and prevention and contributes to a broader understanding of this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100275"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privacy-preserving and automated intellectual property license agreements over heterogeneous blockchain networks","authors":"Damiano Di Francesco Maesa ,&nbsp;Matteo Loporchio ,&nbsp;Frank Tietze","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper considers the application scenario of Intellectual Property (IP) management, a business process yet to fully embrace digitisation and the advantages it brings. We propose to leverage Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) to digitise license agreements management by providing automated and trustworthy royalty computation, transaction execution, and payment distribution. This can be achieved by employing smart licenses, i.e., bundles of smart contracts implementing the royalty logic of license agreements. To provide scalability, flexibility, and resilience, we propose to deploy smart licenses on a network of networks model, i.e., a set of heterogeneous networks potentially running different DLT protocols and connected by cross-chain information exchange protocols. A novel advantage of the network of networks approach is that it allows for the use of private values for royalty computation, which is impossible in the traditional model. Of course, supporting private DLT networks requires privacy-preserving cross-chain schemes, a still open problem in the literature. This is why we present two alternative privacy-preserving cross-chain schemes for our considered application scenario of license agreements management, one based on Homomorphic Encryption (HE) and the other on Zero-Knowledge (ZK) proofs. Besides discussing their theoretical advantages and drawbacks, we present an experimental evaluation of a prototype implementation of smart licenses based on both schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100288"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards blockchain interoperability: a comprehensive survey on cross-chain solutions","authors":"Wenqing Li ,&nbsp;Zhenguang Liu ,&nbsp;Jianhai Chen ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Qinming He","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of decentralized finance (DeFi) applications has catalyzed the emergence of new blockchain systems at an unprecedented pace. However, these systems are largely evolving in isolation, hindering the development of a cohesive ecosystem where value and data can flow seamlessly across networks. Blockchain interoperability technologies are introduced to break down these communication barriers and facilitate effective interactions between different blockchain systems. In recent years, numerous approaches and solutions to blockchain interoperability have been proposed. While some reviews have attempted to categorize cross-chain solutions based on blockchain standards and architectures, a more in-depth analysis is warranted. In this work, we investigate mainstream cross-chain solutions from the perspective of their principles, applications, protocols, and performance. To clarify the concept of blockchain interoperability, we propose a conceptual model that characterizes both asset interoperability and data interoperability. Furthermore, we introduce a hierarchical architecture to categorize and analyze representative cross-chain solutions, covering both academic research and industrial implementations. To maximize the utility of this review for a wide audience, we also highlight open challenges and identify future directions in the field of blockchain interoperability, expecting to provide a comprehensive overview of cross-chain solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100286"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between TMPRSS2 gene rs2070788 and rs12329760 variants and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: A study from Jordan","authors":"Sara S.H. Abu Zaid ,&nbsp;Omar F. Khabour ,&nbsp;Sawsan Abuhammad","doi":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jobb.2025.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Symptoms of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, affecting the respiratory system and many other organs, and involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, particularly its viral entry, is the enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). In response, in this study, polymorphisms in the <em>TMPRSS2</em> gene (rs2070788 and rs12329760) were examined for their association with COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in Jordanians. The study participants (n = 861) included 427 individuals who had never contracted COVID-19 (control group) and 434 who had experienced the disease (case group). The case group was subsequently divided into two subgroups: severe (n = 166) and non-severe (n = 268) COVID-19. The results show that rs2070788 is associated with disease susceptibility in all inheritance models (P &lt; 0.05), as well as an association between rs12329760 and COVID-19 disease severity in both the dominant and over-dominant models (P &lt; 0.05). Further, a higher body mass index (BMI) and older age were associated with disease severity (p &lt; 0.05), though females were less likely to develop severe COVID-19 and to be hospitalized. In conclusion, polymorphisms in the <em>TMPRSS2</em> gene may be considered a potential predictor of COVID-19 outcomes in the Jordanian population. The study findings could be used to manage similar viral infections in Jordan in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":52875,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity","volume":"7 3","pages":"Pages 107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WASIF: In-depth detection of vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts via information flows and function invocation sequences","authors":"Chu Chen ,&nbsp;Xuan Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Yu ,&nbsp;Yumo Tian ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Lu ,&nbsp;Pinghong Ren ,&nbsp;Jin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the widespread adoption of WebAssembly (Wasm) smart contracts in popular blockchain platforms such as EOSIO, vulnerability attacks on Wasm smart contracts have become a serious problem. To protect the legitimate interests of blockchain users, it is necessary to detect vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts. However, detection faces a great challenge in that the source code of Wasm smart contracts is rarely released publicly. Although many approaches have made great progress in vulnerability detection, they still suffer from inefficiently generating function invocation sequences to track inter-function dependencies, ineffectively tracking sensitive information flows, and a considerable number of False Positives (FPs). To address these issues, we present a new concolic fuzzing approach for detecting vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts via information flows and function invocation sequences, namely, WASIF. Also, we implement the open-source prototype of the WASIF and conduct extensive experiments to evaluate it. The experimental results show that WASIF effectively and efficiently detects vulnerabilities in Wasm smart contracts and outperforms the state-of-the-art concolic fuzzer WASAI on most metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Layer-2 expansion shared sequencer model for blockchain scalability","authors":"Huijian Han ,&nbsp;Mingwei Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Linpeng Jia ,&nbsp;Yi Sun ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcra.2025.100292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rollup stands out as one of the most effective techniques for blockchain Layer-2 scaling. By processing transactions off-chain, it significantly enhances the throughput. However, the most rollup implementations currently rely on centralized sequencers, exposing the system and users to censorship attacks and risking network paralysis. In contrast, fully decentralized sequencers encounter latency issues and reduced throughput during the consensus phase. We propose a multislot weighted leader election algorithm based on shared sequencers, apply the proposer–builder separation (PBS) model, and use the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) to analyze and optimize the important influence parameters. With its low trust dependence and high functionality, the probability of selecting malicious nodes is reduced. The sequencing and consensus are separated, so that the transaction can quickly reach soft confirmation. We implement this algorithm in a shared sequencer prototype. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm parameter settings are in line with the expectations, and the probability of electing malicious nodes is significantly reduced. The transactions per second (TPS) of the network can cope with the throughput requirements of the Layer-2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":53141,"journal":{"name":"Blockchain-Research and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"Article 100292"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145120932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}