环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Environmental Geochemistry of Thallium in Alluvial Soils of the Nile Valley, Egypt: Enrichment, Contamination Levels, and Controlling Factors","authors":"Salman A. Salman,&nbsp;Esmat A. Abou El-Anwar,&nbsp;Mouataz T. Mostafa,&nbsp;Mahmoud A. Abdelhafiz","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10016-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10016-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Despite its severe toxicity and high potential for soil-to-plant transfer, thallium (Tl) remains poorly characterized in alluvial agricultural soils. To address this critical gap, this study provides a pioneering assessment of Tl occurrence, contamination degree, and the factors controlling its distribution across the Egyptian Nile Valley using geochemical analysis, soil physicochemical and textural characterization, mineralogical investigation, pollution indices, multivariate statistics, and regression modeling. Tl concentrations ranged from 0.9 to 5.1 ppm with an average of 2.97 ppm, consistently exceeding global geochemical background levels and reaching up to 11.3 times the average crustal abundance. The average contamination factor (CF = 5.93) approached the very high contamination threshold, whereas the average geo-accumulation index (I_geo = 1.76) indicated moderate contamination. About 27% of the samples fell within the considerable ecological risk category. Regression analysis identified the fine soil fraction as the primary control on Tl distribution, with clay explaining 25% of its variability. Consistent with these findings, principal component analysis (PCA) grouped Tl with clay, silt, and soil organic matter (SOM), explaining 32.95% of the total variance and indicating preferential retention in montmorillonite-rich soils via sorption and cation-exchange processes. The significant positive correlation between Tl and P (<i>r</i> = 0.41, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with the regression response (R² = 0.18), suggested a contribution from long-term phosphatic fertilizer inputs. Conversely, Tl showed a significant negative association with K (<i>r</i> = -0.40, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicative of competitive occupation of exchangeable sorption sites. This study presents the first integrated assessment of the geochemical, mineralogical, and statistical characteristics of Tl behavior in the Nile Valley alluvial soils. It identifies soil characteristics (e.g., texture, mineralogy, SOM) and phosphate fertilization as key factors whose influence on soil Tl retention and mobility has not been quantified previously. These findings establish baseline contamination levels and mechanistic drivers essential for guiding sustainable fertilizer management and safeguarding food-chain quality in one of the world's most intensively cultivated and densely populated agricultural regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting Methyl Orange Removal via Hydrothermal Engineering of CuZnAl LDHs","authors":"Shen-Wei Yu,&nbsp;Chia-Hsiang Yang,&nbsp;Chen-Bin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10057-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10057-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are promising adsorbents for dye-contaminated water owing to their tunable layer charge and exchangeable interlayers. In this study, ZnAl, CuAl, and CuZnAl LDHs were synthesized under identical urea-assisted hydrothermal conditions using metal ratios corresponding to those of compositionally related co-precipitated materials reported previously. Their structural, textural, adsorption, and regeneration properties were systematically evaluated using methyl orange (MO) as an anionic model pollutant. In batch tests, CuZnAl exhibited near-quantitative removal across pH 2–11, CuAl achieved near-quantitative removal at pH ≥ 3, whereas ZnAl showed a narrower effective pH range with a marked decline under alkaline conditions. Adsorption kinetics (<i>C</i>_<i>0</i> = 50–500 mg L⁻¹) were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Equilibrium analysis indicated high adsorption capacities, with Langmuir monolayer capacities of 497.5 mg g⁻¹ (ZnAl), 609.8 mg g ⁻¹ (CuAl), and 666.7 mg g ⁻¹ (CuZnAl), while Freundlich fitting suggested favorable adsorption on heterogeneous sites. Regeneration by alkaline Na₂CO₃/NaOH washing enabled efficient reuse: CuZnAl and CuAl maintained MO removal efficiencies of 98.2% and 97.2%, respectively, after five cycles, whereas that of ZnAl decreased to 69.3%. Post-adsorption XRD and FTIR results indicated retention of the LDH framework and partial interlayer participation of MO, while SEM revealed composition-dependent changes in aggregate morphology. The adsorption behavior reflected the combined effects of metal composition, basal spacing, textural properties, aggregate architecture, and surface/interlayer chemistry. Among the investigated materials, hydrothermal CuZnAl provided the most favorable balance of adsorption capacity, pH tolerance, and regeneration performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-10057-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diel emergence and dispersal rhythms in the bamboo borer Dinoderus minutus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)","authors":"Felipe Goulart Gonçalves,&nbsp;Hugo Leoncini Rainho,&nbsp;Kamila Emmanuella Xavier de Azevedo,&nbsp;Idemauro Antonio Rodrigues de Lara,&nbsp;Rafael de Andrade Moral,&nbsp;José Maurício Simões Bento","doi":"10.1007/s00114-026-02181-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-026-02181-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biological rhythms regulate insect activity and represent a conserved adaptive trait across life forms. Understanding the behavioral rhythms of dispersive cryptic species is important for elucidating their ecological interactions and improving pest management strategies. In this study, we investigated the diel patterns of emergence and flight activity of the bamboo borer <i>Dinoderus minutus</i> under field and laboratory conditions using a chronobiological approach. Field emergence was evaluated using emergence cages containing naturally infested bamboo culms, whereas flight activity was monitored using semiochemical-baited cross-vane panel traps. In laboratory assays, locomotor and flight activities were compared between morning and afternoon periods. Periodicity analyses revealed significant daily rhythms in both emergence and flight activity. Cosinor analyses indicated that most individuals emerged around 14:00 h and initiated flight shortly thereafter, at around 16:00 h, which corresponded to the acrophase of each behavior. No emergence or dispersal activity was recorded during the night period, indicating strictly diurnal dispersal behavior. Laboratory experiments corroborated field observations, showing significantly greater flight initiation, locomotor activity, velocity, and distance traveled during the mid-afternoon than in the morning. These results demonstrate that <i>D. minutus</i> exhibits a predictable behavioral periodicity, with peak emergence and flight activity concentrated during the mid-afternoon. This information provides an important basis for field monitoring, detection, and the development of pest management strategies targeting bamboo borer populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00114-026-02181-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-micron Aerosol Characteristics at a Semi-arid Urban Station in Northwestern India: Optical Properties and Associated Radiative Impacts","authors":"Akanksha Gupta,&nbsp;A. K. Srivastava,&nbsp;M. P. Raju,&nbsp;C. Jhamaria,&nbsp;D. S. Bisht,&nbsp;J. Kaur","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10030-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10030-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study provides an in-depth evaluation of the chemical composition, optical, and associated radiative properties of sub-micron particulate matter (i.e. PM₁) during the period from October 2018 to June 2019 at Jaipur, a semi-arid urban area situated in the northwestern part of India. Study reveals that the mass concentration of PM₁ at the receptor site ranged from 58.82 to 121.69 µg m⁻³ (mean: 85.29 ± 15.31 µg m⁻³). Of the total analyzed fraction of PM₁ (~ 64%), the total water-soluble fraction contributes ~ 27%, elemental carbon (EC) ~ 5%, and organic carbon (OC) ~ 32%. The measured species in PM₁ samples were utilized in an aerosol optical and radiative transfer model to deduce the crucial aerosol optical properties and its associated radiative forcing. A notable variability in the model derived aerosol optical depth (AOD₅₀₀) was to be ranged from 0.07 to 1.17 (mean: 0.30 ± 0.23), which could be due to the influence of local anthropogenic emissions and transported dusts from the nearby Desert areas. The single scattering albedo (SSA₅₀₀), varied between 0.90 and 0.98 (mean: 0.93 ± 0.02), indicating the dominance of scattering aerosols, likely associated with the prevalence of secondary inorganic aerosol species. This is verified by low absorption AOD (AAOD: 0.004–0.035). The estimated direct aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) revealed a net forcing of 25.00 ± 13.27 W/m², yielding a mean heating rate of 0.70 ± 0.37 K/day, indicating active sub-micron aerosols contributing to regional climatic forcings. These results explain the dynamic behavior of sub-micron aerosols and their role in modulating regional climatic conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic Pollution in a Small River with an Agriculture-dominated Catchment under Different Rainfall Conditions: Transport Scaling, Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment","authors":"Widyastuti Kusuma Wardhani,&nbsp;Kuriko Yokota,&nbsp;Hardianti Alimuddin,&nbsp;Takanobu Inoue,&nbsp;Nguyen Minh Ngoc","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10004-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10004-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The agriculture cluster is recognized as a cryptic hotspot of microplastic pollution. Especially, rainfall-driven microplastic (MP) dynamics in small agricultural rivers have not been adequately quantified under various hydrological conditions. This study quantified MP concentrations, loads, characteristics, and ecological risks under baseline dry conditions and during four rainfall events of varying intensities in a small agricultural river. During baseline conditions, MP concentrations were low (10–53 particles/m³), whereas during heavy rainfall events, concentrations peaked at 2,187–3,253 particles/m³, representing up to 1,100-fold increases compared to dry conditions. The power-law equation and L–Q analysis showed shallower MP scaling (<i>n</i> = 1.38) than total suspended solids (TSS) (<i>n</i> = 2.22), reflecting source-limited and neutrally buoyant transport. Polyethylene was the dominant polymer (76–95%), and film-shaped particles comprised more than 50% of the morphologies, which is consistent with agricultural plastic use. The potential risk index (PRI) increased sharply from moderate under baseline conditions (151) to extremely high during heavy rainfall (5,400), driven by the episodic mobilization of highly toxic polymers such as polyvinyl chloride and phenol–formaldehyde. These results demonstrate the episodic nature of the MP ecological risk in agricultural rivers and underscore the need for targeted management during rainfall periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-10004-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence of Antibiotic Residues in Surface Water, Wastewater, and Sediment from the Rosetta Branch, Nile River, Egypt","authors":"Mahmoud Al-Sisi,&nbsp;Omar Khaled,&nbsp;Lamia Ryad,&nbsp;Khaled Ghanem,&nbsp;Fawzy Eissa","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10054-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10054-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to address the lack of comprehensive data on antibiotic contamination in the Nile River system by investigating the occurrence of 15 target compounds, comprising 11 parent antibiotics from four pharmacological classes (amphenicols, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones) and 4 nitrofuran metabolites used as marker residues of banned nitrofurans, in surface water, wastewater, and sediment samples collected from the Rosetta branch of the Nile River and three agricultural drains (El-Rahawy, Sabal, and Tala) in Egypt. A validated LC-MS/MS method was developed for simultaneous multi-residue analysis. The LODs were 0.02 µg/L for chloramphenicol, 0.07 µg/L for nitrofuran metabolites, and 3.0 µg/L for tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and quinolones, with LOQ values ranging from 0.075 to 10 µg/L. Calibration curves showed acceptable linearity (R &gt; 0.9966), and recovery ranged from 61 to 108%, with RSDs below 21%. Chloramphenicol (CAP) was the only antibiotic detected in surface water samples, found in 8% of El-Rahawy samples and 8% of Tala samples during summer (mean: 0.09 µg/L), while Sabal samples were free of residues. In wastewater, CAP was detected in 17% of El-Rahawy drain samples during summer (mean: 0.6 µg/L), whereas Sabal and Tala drains showed no detectable residues. In Rosetta branch sediments, nitrophenyl-semicarbazide (NP-SEM) was the most frequently detected antibiotic (mean: 0.9–1.5 µg/kg), followed by oxytetracycline (OTC) detected in 17% of El-Rahawy samples during winter (mean: 103 µg/kg) and CAP below the LOQ in 17% of Sabal samples during summer. In drain sediments, NP-SEM was exclusively detected, with El-Rahawy showing the highest contamination (50% in summer; 67% in winter). Residues were detected most often at the El-Rahawy site, and no target compounds were detected above the LOD in samples collected during spring. This study provides the first comprehensive baseline data on antibiotic contamination in the Nile River system, contributing essential information for ecological risk assessment and environmental management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suitability of Machine Learning Models and their Performance for PM2.5 Estimation using high-resolution satellite-driven datasets over Northwest India","authors":"Prity S. Pippal,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Atar Singh,&nbsp;Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10037-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10037-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The estimation of particulate matter (PM_2.5) levels using high-resolution satellite-driven datasets and machine learning algorithms represents a potential advancement in air quality monitoring. The traditional ground-based PM_2.5 measurements, while accurate, suffer from limited spatial coverage, prompting the need for satellite-based retrieval methods. The machine learning (ML) algorithms convert high-resolution satellite-derived Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) into PM_2.5 and enhance the accuracy estimation. Hereby, this study used satellite-driven PM_2.5 estimation framework based on Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) AOD at 1 km and meteorological data over Northwest India (NW). This study used Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) models to integrate the MAIAC AOD with meteorological variables. The datasets have been pre-processed and optimized for better accuracy from 2022 to 2023, aligning with ground observations. RF and XGBoost (R² = 0.91 and 0.91, RMSE = 10.36 µg/m³ and 10.39 µg/m³, Bias = 0.30 µg/m³ and 0.48 µg/m³, respectively) outperform AdaBoost and SVM in this study. The estimated PM_2.5 values exceed the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), with mean 24-h and annual average concentrations of 74.05 µg/m³ and 70.53 µg/m³, underlining severe air pollution in the region. This study presented a region-specific, multi-source PM_2.5 estimation framework that integrates satellite AOD, meteorological drivers, and optimized machine learning model to improve spatial accuracy and robustness. These approaches provide actionable insights for air quality monitoring and policymaking, enhance the ability to capture the complexity of PM_2.5 variability, and facilitate predictive models that could help in efficient air quality management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smoking-related variation in facial soft tissue thickness assessed by ultrasound: forensic implications for facial analysis","authors":"Zuzana Kozáková,&nbsp;Petra Švábová,&nbsp;Michal Soták,&nbsp;Mária Matláková,&nbsp;Radoslav Beňuš","doi":"10.1007/s00114-026-02173-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-026-02173-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Facial soft tissue thickness (FSTT) represents a key parameter in forensic facial reconstruction and human identification, reflecting both biological and behavioral influences. This pilot cross-sectional study examined the impact of body mass index, age and smoking status on FSTT in a Slovak adult population, with emphasis on sex-specific variations.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 246 participants (176 females, 70 males) were measured using B-mode ultrasonography across eight midline facial landmarks and eight paired bilateral landmarks. Statistical analyses included non-parametric tests, Spearman rank correlation and general linear models with BMI and age as covariates.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Sex-specific patterns were identified. In females, BMI was the dominant predictor, showing medium to large effects across most landmarks. Age contributed modestly to variation, particularly in the lower face. Smoking related differences were localized, rather than consistent across facial landmarks. Female conventional smokers showed lower FSTT values than non-smokers at the left fossa canina landmark (p = 0.046). In males, age showed a stronger and more consistent association with FSTT than BMI, with age-related variation most evident in midfacial and mandibular regions. Direct comparison between smokers and non-smokers in males revealed no significant differences in FSTT at any landmark. Overall smoking status was not consistently associated with FSTT.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings highlight sex specific and anatomical variability in FSTT and provide population specific data relevant for forensic facial reconstruction. Larger and more balanced samples are needed to confirm these preliminary associations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological Assessment of Leachates from Waste-Derived Alkali-Activated Cements using Zebrafish Embryos","authors":"Mariana Krogel,&nbsp;Aline Pompermaier,&nbsp;Flavia Bernardo Chagas,&nbsp;William Mateus Kubiaki Levandoski,&nbsp;Carolina Menegolla,&nbsp;Marilia Hartmann,&nbsp;Eduardo Pavan Korf","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10042-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10042-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alkali-activated materials derived from industrial waste are promising alternatives to Portland cement for geotechnical applications. However, their environmental safety under realistic exposure conditions remains poorly understood, particularly due to the limitations of conventional chemical assessments, which may not capture early-stage curing effects, leaching behavior, and associated ecotoxicological risks. This study investigates whether conventional chemical assessment methods are sufficient to evaluate the environmental performance of such materials. An alkali-activated cement produced from photovoltaic module glass and hydrated oyster shell lime was evaluated through an integrated approach combining leaching tests and ecotoxicological assays. Leaching behavior was assessed at curing ages ranging from 7 to 91 days. Ecotoxicological effects were evaluated using extracts obtained from the alkaline cement after 7 days of curing, with zebrafish embryos under both acetic acid‑extracted and water-extracted conditions. Leaching tests showed a progressive reduction in several regulated metals; however, Ba, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exceeded regulatory thresholds at specific curing ages. All mixtures produced highly alkaline leachates (pH &gt; 13), and non-regulated elements (Ga, In, K, and Li) were also detected. Ecotoxicological assays revealed acute toxicity in acetic acid‑extracted leachates and sublethal effects in water- extracted leachates, including impaired hatching and reduced spontaneous movement. The results demonstrate that reductions in leached concentrations and compliance with conventional chemical criteria do not necessarily correspond to biological safety, highlighting the need to integrate ecotoxicological assays into environmental assessments of sustainable cementitious materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-026-10042-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allele frequency distribution and forensic efficiency parameters of 24 autosomal STR markers in the santhal tribal community of Bihar, India","authors":"Brajesh Kumar,&nbsp;Amitabh Biswas,&nbsp;Shivani Dixit,&nbsp;Shivkant Sharma,&nbsp;Pankaj Shrivastava","doi":"10.1007/s00114-026-02176-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-026-02176-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reports the allele frequency distribution and statistically calculated the forensic efficiency parameters of 210 unrelated volunteers that belong to a specific tribal group named Santhal living in Bihar, India. 24 specific short tandem repeat (STR) markers are included in this study by using the Ingenomics™ AutoProfiler STR Kit. The Power of discrimination (PD), power of exclusion (PE), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) polymorphism information content (PIC), probability of match (PM), typical paternity index (TPI) and Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) p-value were calculated. The result shows that the probability of match (PM) values across the loci ranged from 0.012 to 0.186, while the power of discrimination (PD) varied from 0.814 to 0.988. The highest PD values were observed at SE33 (0.988), Penta E (0.983), and FGA (0.962), indicating their strong ability to differentiate individuals within the population. Conversely, loci such as CSF1PO (0.814) and D2S441 (0.844) showed comparatively lower discrimination power. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.601 to 0.933, with most loci showing PIC values greater than 0.7, reflecting a high degree of polymorphism. Gene diversity values were also high across the studied loci, ranging from 0.666 to 0.939, further confirming the substantial genetic variability present in the population. The power of exclusion (PE), which is an important parameter for paternity testing, ranged from 0.428 to 0.913, with SE33 and Penta E showing the highest exclusion capacities. The typical paternity index (TPI) values varied from 1.667 to 11.667, again highlighting the strong contribution of highly polymorphic loci such as SE33, Penta E, and D12S391. The combined probability of match (CPM) was 2.41 × 10⁻²⁸, combined power of exclusion (CPE) was 0.999999999991, combined paternity index (CPI) was 3.51 × 10¹⁰ and combined power of discrimination was 1 providing very strong statistical support for the application of these markers in paternity testing. These results demonstrate that the 24 autosomal STR loci possess high forensic efficiency and are highly informative for forensic identification and kinship analysis in the santhal population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}