环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Water Purification: Adsorbent Performance of Phumdi Biomass Activated Carbon for Fe(II) Removal Using Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Lairenlakpam Helena,&nbsp;Sudhakar Ningthoujam,&nbsp;Potsangbam Albino Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07934-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07934-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates the performance of artificial neural networks (ANNs) in predicting Fe (II) adsorption using activated carbon derived from Phumdi biomass (PAC) in batch and continuous fixed-bed setups. Phumdi, a unique biomass from the Loktak Lake ecosystem, serves as a sustainable and cost-effective precursor for activated carbon production due to its rich organic composition and functional groups. Large accumulations of Phumdi are commonly found along the periphery of Loktak Lake, where they are often regarded as waste. To account for variations in biomass properties, samples were collected from three different sites: a national park, an agricultural area, and a residential area. BET surface area analysis confirmed the porous nature of the activated carbons, with values ranging from 2.722 to 5.940 m²/g across different biomass sources. FTIR characterization identified key functional groups, including hydroxyl, alkyl, and carbon–carbon bonds, which play a crucial role in Fe (II) adsorption. Amongst the batch analysis parameters, the agitation speed was found to be optimum at 250 rpm, and the temperature at 298 K, with an equilibrium time of 120 min. Kinetic studies followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption, while isotherm analysis confirmed Langmuir model conformity, with a maximum adsorption capacity ranging from 1.12 to 6.50 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous, driven by energy release and a decrease in free energy. Fixed-bed experiments using activated carbon from phumdi biomass from an agricultural area were conducted at varying flow rates (2 mL/min and 4 mL/min), bed depths (20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm), and influent concentrations. The maximum throughput of 12 L was achieved before significant breakthrough at 5 mg/L, 4 mL/min, and 60 cm, indicating optimal adsorption performance under these conditions. ANNs demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with R² values of 1.00 for training, 0.99 for testing, and 0.95 for validation in the batch system, and 0.99 for training, 0.98 for testing, and 0.95 for validation in the fixed-bed system. The optimal ANN architectures were 6–6-1 for batch adsorption and 4–12-1 for fixed-bed adsorption, with mean squared errors (MSE) of 0.004645 and 0.000856, respectively<i>.</i> This study highlights the potential of Phumdi-derived PAC as a sustainable adsorbent and showcases the effectiveness of ANN modeling in optimizing adsorption efficiency and predictive accuracy, offering an environmentally friendly solution for water treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance and Mechanism of Tailings Biochar Composites for Synergistic Phytoremediation of Soil Heavy Metal Cd","authors":"Han Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Wu,&nbsp;Qiao Zhang,&nbsp;Gang Xue,&nbsp;Xinhui Duan,&nbsp;Jinsheng Liang,&nbsp;Cairong Gong","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07895-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07895-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, soil heavy metal pollution and the accumulation of tailings and food waste cannot be ignored. Currently, soil remediation agents are expensive or have poor remediation effects. In this experiment, alkali-modified tailings biochar composite (MTB) was prepared by low-temperature pyrolysis using tailings and food waste as raw materials for the remediation of soil heavy metal Cd. MTB has a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface (Si–O, Fe–O, -OH, C-O, -COOH), which is favorable for the adsorption of the heavy metal Cd. The adsorption behavior is consistent with the Langmuir model and the proposed second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption mechanism is mainly complexation and precipitation. 650 °C pyrolysis preparation of MTB3 reduced bioavailable cadmium by 83% in 35 days, and the active Cd was transformed into inactive Cd. Potting experiments showed that ryegrass biomass significantly increased.Adding 8% MTB3 to ryegrass significantly reduced Cd accumulation, lowering available cadmium by 86.4% in 35 days compared to the control (CK). Tailings biochar improved soil properties, boosting plant germination and height by 26.94% to 106%. The study showed that tailings biochar composites have good prospects for remediation of soil heavy metal Cd pollution.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Toxic Impacts of Various Arsenic Compounds on Hydroponics Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.): Biomass, Arsenic Accumulation and Species Distribution","authors":"Hui Feng,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang,&nbsp;Kuan Fang,&nbsp;Yuanan Hu,&nbsp;Hefa Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07933-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07933-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The risks resulted from organic and inorganic arsenic have attracted global attentions. In the study, the toxic effects of different arsenic compounds on lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.), including arsenite (As(III)), arsenate (As(V)), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), <i>p</i>-arsanilic acid (<i>p</i>-ASA) and roxarsone (ROX), were evaluated at various concentration levels. The results showed that low concentrations (5.00 µM) of arsenic compounds might promote lettuce growth, while high concentrations of arsenic species (25.00 µM for As(III) and DMA, and 150.00 µM for As(V), MMA, <i>p</i>-ASA, and ROX) can lead to significant reductions in lettuce biomass (up to 79%), chlorophyll (up to 34%) and nitrogen contents (up to 24%). Moreover, the arsenic compounds induced oxidative stress, resulting in significant increases in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) (up to 132%), superoxide (O₂⁻) (up to 145%), and malondialdehyde (MDA) (up to 68%) in the treatment groups compared to the controls. In particular, ROX and <i>p</i>-ASA increased H₂O₂ levels by 45% and 62%, and boosted O₂⁻ levels by 76% and 127%, respectively, despite their lower toxicity levels compared to inorganic arsenic (<i>i</i>-As). Accumulation of arsenic in the lettuce roots and leaves were observed. Roots showed stronger accumulation capacity of arsenic than leaves, with a root-to-leaf ratio of total As varying from 9.11 to 1.49 × 10³. Notably, <i>i</i>-As including As(III) and As(V), were detected in the lettuce leaves of groups treated by organic arsenic compounds, with the concentration of 1.09 µg/g for <i>p</i>-ASA and 0.37 µg/g for ROX, respectively. Overall, the study demonstrates that although organic arsenic compounds like ROX and <i>p</i>-ASA exhibit lower toxicities than <i>i</i>-As, they can contribute to significant oxidative stress and toxic <i>i</i>-As accumulation in lettuce leaves. These findings underscore the importance of considering both organic and inorganic arsenic species when assessing arsenic contamination risks in agricultural systems and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Low-Cost Bio-Sorbent and a Novel Activated Carbon from Agro-Wastes for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal","authors":"Mehmet Erdem,&nbsp;Ayşegül Öner","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07910-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07910-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the preparation and characterization of a novel highly efficient activated carbon (new-AC) and a low-cost adsorbent (BM) from a mixture of agro-based wastes to remove toxic Cr(VI). BM was obtained by mixing wastes subjected to some specific preparation processes in equal proportions, while new-AC was produced by pyrolyzing BM chemically activated with KOH. Various techniques such as elemental analysis, BET-surface area (S_BET), pore size and volume measurements, pH_pzc, FTIR, Boehm titration, and SEM–EDX analysis were employed for the characterization of adsorbents. The findings revealed that new-AC exhibited a greater S_BET, carbon content, and more acidic surface (1413 m²/g, 91.9% C, and pH_pzc of 6.8) compared to BM (5.32 m²/g, 51.08% C, and pH_pzc of 7.8). Adsorption experiments were performed to evaluate the efficiency of each adsorbent, with results compared against a commercial activated carbon (com-AC) for Cr(VI) removal. The optimal conditions for removing 50 mg-Cr(VI)/L were identified as pH 2, 4 g/L dosage, and 30 min contact time for new-AC; pH 2, 5 g/L dosage, and 90 min for com-AC; and pH 2, 20 g/L dosage, and 60 min for BM. The maximum adsorption capacities observed for BM, new-AC, and com-AC were 6.46, 51.55, and 41.67 mg/g of Cr(VI), respectively. The adsorption behavior for all three adsorbents aligned well with the Langmuir isotherm model, and thermodynamic analysis suggested that the adsorption processes were exothermic, spontaneous, and favorable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07910-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances by Edible Nutraceutical-Amended Montmorillonite Clays: In Vitro, In Vivo and In Silico Enterosorption Strategies","authors":"Johnson O. Oladele,&nbsp;Xenophon Xenophontos,&nbsp;Meichen Wang,&nbsp;Phanourios Tamamis,&nbsp;Timothy D. Phillips","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07930-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07930-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure of animals and humans to PFAS through contaminated water and foods pose significant threats to public health. To tackle this challenge, this study aimed to develop edible clays that might enhance the binding, detoxification, and elimination of PFAS in the gastrointestinal tract. Montmorillonite clays (CM) were amended with caffeine (CMCAF), curcumin (CMCUR), and riboflavin (CMRIB), and the binding efficacy for a mixture of four PFAS (PFOS, GenX, PFOA and PFBS) was determined. In vitro studies were used to explore adsorption isotherms while computational simulations investigate PFAS mixture, delineate the contribution of each PFAS molecule to clays and determine if amended clays can contribute to enhanced binding of different PFAS in the mixture. In vivo models (<i>Lemna minor</i> and <i>Hydra vulgaris</i>) were used to validate in vitro and in silico studies and establish the safety and effectiveness of these amended clays. The resulting Q_max and K_d values along with the curved shape of the Langmuir plot indicated saturable binding of GenX, PFOA and PFOS to active surfaces of CM and the amended clays. All three clays demonstrated a slightly higher binding capacity for GenX than the parent clay. Furthermore, the simulations elucidated the binding contribution of each PFAS molecule to parent and amended clays as well as predicting how amended clays can contribute to mechanisms of binding of different PFAS in the mixture. The proof-of-concept for the efficacy of the clays was established in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans, Lemna minor</i> and <i>Hydra vulgaris</i>, where the clays (at 1% w/v inclusion) protected against toxicities of the four PFAS controls. This protection could be attributed to PFAS binding to the amended clays and the biological activities of these nutraceuticals (caffeine, riboflavin, and curcumin) including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and modulatory activities which mitigate the oxidative stress and inflammatory effects of PFAS. These edible toxin binders may be delivered in mixtures as additives in flavored drinking water and food to decrease PFAS exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-025-07930-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfhydryl Grafted Palygorskite can Efficiently and Stably Immobilize Cd in Calcareous Soil and Inhibit Cd Accumulation in Wheat in the Second Year","authors":"Yale Wang,&nbsp;Kaihui Hou,&nbsp;Junxiao Jiang,&nbsp;Yingming Xu,&nbsp;Yali Wang,&nbsp;Chunhong Xu,&nbsp;Qing Zhao,&nbsp;Yongqiang Yang,&nbsp;Liping Li,&nbsp;Gaoling Shi","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07907-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07907-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cadmium (Cd) contamination of wheat fields is a major environmental problem. Sulfhydryl-grafted palygorskite (SGP) has been used as an efficient amendment to immobilize Cd in calcareous wheat fields. However, information on the long-term effects of SGP on soil Cd immobilization and accumulation in wheat remains limited. In this study, wheat pot and freeze–thaw (F/T) cycle experiments were conducted to explore the remediation stability of SGP during winter wheat growing. The wheat pot experiments showed that applying 0.1–0.2%SGP significantly decreased Cd in wheat grains by 21.57–57.85% in the second year. The application of 0.2%SGP decreased diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Cd by 33.84–39.70%, increased DTPA extractable Mn by 11.22–15.86%, and promoted the conversion of exchangeable Cd into carbonate-bound and Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cd fractions in the soil in the second year. The composition and function of soil bacteria differed under the SGP treatment for two consecutive years. F/T cycle experiments showed that F/T cycles did not affect soil pH but converted exchangeable Cd and carbonate-bound Cd to the residual Cd fraction (6%) and increased the mass fraction of &gt; 2 mm soil aggregates. Under 0.2%SGP application, F/T cycles further decreased the available soil Cd concentration and increased the immobilization efficiency of SGP on Cd by 9.37–11.82% in various aggregates. Although SGP can reduce Cd accumulation in wheat for two consecutive years, the remediation efficiency decreased compared to that in the first year, which is unrelated to seasonal F/T cycles; the specific reasons for this reduction must be further explored. Overall, SGP displayed long-term immobilization effects on Cd in wheat fields and showed higher efficiency under F/T cycle conditions, with the potential for long-term remediation of Cd-contaminated calcareous soils in cold regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid Modeling with Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting In-Situ Bioremediation Dynamics of Diesel Fuel-Spiked Soil","authors":"Biswanath Mahanty,&nbsp;Shishir Kumar Behera,&nbsp;Alberto Godio,&nbsp;Fulvia Chiampo","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07940-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07940-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long-term monitoring and modeling of <i>in-situ</i> soil bioremediation studies have their inherent challenges. In this work, the removal of diesel fuel (DF) from DF-spiked soil was studied for 138 days in six microcosm experiments, with different initial Carbon-to-Nitrogen ratios (C/N) (120, 180), and moisture content (MC) between 8 and 15% (<i>w/w</i>). A hybrid model predicting DF removal dynamics was proposed, where the instantaneous removal rate was modeled as an artificial neural network (ANN) function of initial C/N, MC, DF concentration, and time. DF removal rate was estimated from 250 interpolated (Akima method) points (in each experimental set) used to train the ANN model. A double-hidden layer (4–10–7–1) architecture offered the best fitness on the test subset (<i>R</i>²_test: 0.996), as well as on the entire dataset (<i>R</i>²: 0.995). LIME and SHAP analysis suggested the significance of DF concentration and MC on the ANN model explanation. Numerical integration of ANN embedded rate expression for DF removal reveals an excellent fit (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.99) to microcosm dynamics. The modeling strategy adopted in this study can be replicated in other complex bioprocess systems with limited data availability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Mitigation Strategies on Ambient Air Quality: A WRF-Chem Case Study of Ahmedabad City in Western India","authors":"Yagni Rami,&nbsp;Anurag Kandya,&nbsp;Abha Chhabra,&nbsp;Aman W. Khan,&nbsp;Prashant Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07918-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07918-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cities all around the world are facing serious challenges due to declining air quality. Ahmedabad, one of India's 131 non-attainment cities, has seen five years in a row of air quality over the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). This study evaluates the effectiveness of various strategies to reduce particulate matter pollution. In particular, it investigates the effects of switching to electric vehicles for 30% of conventional fuel vehicles, converting 30% of industries to natural gas instead of coal, and producing 30% of thermal power using natural gas instead of coal. The WRF-Chem model was employed to simulate Ahmedabad's air quality for two days in May (representing summer) and December (representing winter). The simulations used a 2 km × 2 km gridded emission inventory for 2018, covering all major pollution sources (point, line, and area). Results indicate that this mitigation strategy could reduce particulate emissions by 18%, from 802 to 657 tonnes per day, and lower overall PM₁₀ concentrations by 14%. In May, the northern part of the city near Naroda GIDC (1% of the city area) saw the highest PM₁₀ reduction (36%), while the central-western area (51% of the city area) experienced a minimum reduction of 6%. In December, a 36% reduction was again observed near the 5% area of GIDC Naroda, with reductions as low as 6% in the western and southeastern outskirts (~ 20% area). These findings provide valuable insights for state regulatory agencies to enhance air action plans and meet the targets set by the National Clean Air Program (NCAP).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption–Desorption and Interfacial Distribution Characteristics of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Systems","authors":"Ao Yang,&nbsp;Yong-Tao Li,&nbsp;Jian-ying Xiao,&nbsp;Wan-Ying Du,&nbsp;Xi Li,&nbsp;Qin Sui,&nbsp;Yu-Qin Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07896-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07896-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adsorption of organic pollutants on soil surfaces impedes their oxidative degradation efficiency within the soil medium. Understanding the distribution patterns of different petroleum hydrocarbon components on the soil medium surface can provide effective theoretical guidance for the technical regulation and efficiency improvement of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). Therefore, this study designed experiments involving interface diffusion, static desorption, and intensive desorption, and investigated adsorption patterns and component analysis. Fast-desorbing petroleum hydrocarbon components in on-site oil sludge were identified, including amines (e.g., 2-Phenylethylamine, 2,4,6-Trimethyl-m-phenylenediamine), acids (e.g., Benzoic acid, Octadecanoic acid). Relatively fast-desorbing components included phenols (e.g., Phenol), alcohols (e.g., Phenylmethanol, Dihydroxybenzene), ketones (e.g., Cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one, Cyclohepta-2,4,6-trien-1-one, and Pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione). Slow-desorbing components comprised carboxylic esters (e.g., Ethyl carboxylic acid ester), benzenoid olefins (e.g., 1'-(Cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl)-1,4'-bipiperidine, 6-Allyl-1-methylnaphthalene). Finally, the remaining components in the soil were measured by extraction method as strongly adsorbed petroleum hydrocarbon components, including long straight-chain alkanes (e.g., Tetradecane, Hexadecane, Heptadecane, Octadecane, Icosane), and benzene esters (e.g., Dimethyl 5-methyl-1,3-benzene-dicarboxylate). It provides a theoretical basis for the accurate desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons from the soil surface.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Real Tannery Industrial Wastewater via Sequential Biological and US/UV/activated Persulfate-Hydrogen Peroxide Processes","authors":"Oumaima Bahammou,&nbsp;Imane Tazi,&nbsp;Imane El Mrabet,&nbsp;Mostafa Nawdali,&nbsp;Karim Tanji,&nbsp;Fouad Khalil,&nbsp;Corinne Ferronato,&nbsp;Mourad Benzina,&nbsp;Hicham Zaitan","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-07904-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-07904-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of an integrated system for treating tannery effluents from Fez City. The system includes aeration as a pretreatment, followed by a binary oxidation process using hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and persulfate (K₂S₂O₈) (PS) as oxidants, with UV-A irradiation, and ultrasound (US) as activators (US-UV-PS-H₂O₂). Aeration effectiveness as a preliminary treatment was evaluated, resulting in a 71% and 78% reduction in chemical organic demand (COD) and color, respectively. The US-UV-PS-H₂O₂ process effectiveness was further evaluated in terms of COD and color removal. A factorial design with two levels was used to optimize the operating parameters (pH, H₂O₂ concentration, and K₂S₂O₈ dose). The findings showed that, under optimal conditions (pH = 3; [H₂O₂] = 225 mg/L and [K₂S₂O₈] = 3670 mg/L), the highest COD and color reduction rates in the tannery effluent were 85% and 93%, respectively. Additionally, phytotoxicity assessments, based on seed germination and root elongation tests, revealed promising results in toxicity reduction, with a germination rate of 75% for both <i>M. sativa</i> and <i>wheat seeds</i>. Overall, the sequential treatment involving aeration followed by US-UV-PS-H₂O₂ process proves to be an effective and practical strategy for the sustainable management of tannery wastewater, with a total treatment cost of $8.07/m³.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}