环境•农林最新文献

{"title":"Chicken Manure Application Alters Soil Heavy-Metal Bioavailability and Bacterial Community Structure in Pakchoi Fields","authors":"Zhipeng Hu,&nbsp;Ke Li,&nbsp;Yuyao Liu,&nbsp;Fa Li,&nbsp;Jianwei Chang,&nbsp;Huijuan Yu,&nbsp;Yuebing Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10078-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10078-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chicken manure is widely used in vegetable production, yet its concurrent effects on soil nutrient status, heavy-metal behavior, and soil bacterial communities remain insufficiently understood. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate five chicken-manure application rates (0, 7.5, 15, 30, and 60 t ha⁻¹) in a pakchoi production system. Bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Compared with the control, chicken manure significantly increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, whereas the two highest rates significantly decreased soil pH (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Only the highest rate significantly increased pakchoi aboveground fresh weight, whereas soluble sugar content increased significantly at 15–60 t ha⁻¹ (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Chicken manure significantly increased total soil Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn concentrations (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), with application-rate-dependent increases in their TCLP-extractable fractions (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05 or <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01), whereas Pb remained unchanged (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). In edible tissues, the two highest rates significantly increased Cd and Zn concentrations, and the highest rate increased Cr and Cu concentrations (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), although all concentrations remained below the applicable food-safety limits. Bacterial richness and diversity increased significantly under selected treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Community analyses identified TN, Zn, and Cd as major environmental drivers, with heavy metals explaining more variation in bacterial communities than soil nutrients. These findings reveal a rate-dependent trade-off between improved soil fertility and increased heavy-metal accumulation, emphasizing the need to control application rates for the sustainable and safe recycling of manure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Phenol Adsorption by KOH-modified Biochar and Hydrochar: Synthetic Water, Real HTC Liquid, and Multi-criteria Assessment","authors":"Afshin Maleki,&nbsp;Nader Marzban,&nbsp;Nader Amini,&nbsp;Hee-Jeong Choi,&nbsp;Serveh Fathi,&nbsp;Zakaria Vahabzadeh,&nbsp;Shadi Kohzadi,&nbsp;Kazem Godini","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10046-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10046-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) produces an aqueous by-product containing dissolved organic matter, including phenolic and aromatic constituents, that must be managed before discharge or reuse. In this study, biochar (BC), hydrochar (HC), and their KOH-modified forms (BC–KOH and HC–KOH) were compared for phenol removal from synthetic solutions and for apparent phenol-response reduction in real HTC process liquid. After an initial screening step, the modified materials were examined with respect to solution pH, adsorbent dose, adsorption kinetics, equilibrium behavior, temperature response, co-existing ion effects, real-matrix treatment, and regeneration. A supplementary multi-criteria decision-support framework based on TOPSIS, VIKOR, and Pareto screening was used to summarize the most application-relevant performance indicators. BC–KOH was identified as the most effective adsorbent under the tested conditions. Under baseline screening conditions, phenol removal reached 89.7% for BC–KOH and 81.5% for HC–KOH. In real HTC process liquid, BC–KOH achieved 75.7% apparent phenol-response reduction and 38.7% COD reduction, compared with 66.6% and 32.1%, respectively, for HC–KOH. The kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second-order model, while Weber–Morris and Boyd analyses indicated contributions from both film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. Freundlich gave the lowest AICc for both equilibrium datasets; this preference was clear for BC–KOH, whereas Langmuir and D–R remained within ΔAICc &lt; 2 of Freundlich for HC–KOH. The equilibrium evidence therefore supports non-uniform surface affinity most strongly for BC–KOH and more cautiously for HC–KOH. K_d-based apparent temperature-response indicators showed that phenol uptake increased moderately with temperature, and regeneration tests showed better adsorption-performance retention under alkaline desorption than under acidic desorption. Overall, BC–KOH was identified as the more promising adsorbent for phenol removal in synthetic water and for selective apparent phenol-response reduction in HTC-derived aqueous streams. However, the real-matrix results should be interpreted as standard-method-based apparent phenol response rather than compound-specific phenol quantification, and adsorption should be considered as part of an integrated treatment strategy rather than a stand-alone solution for complete COD removal.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating growth and physiological responses of Moringa peregrina and Moringa oleifera to elevated CO₂ and UV-B radiation in open-top chambers for climate resilience","authors":"Omar Mohammed Saeed Alshehhi,&nbsp;Faisal Hayat,&nbsp;Karthishwaran Kandhan,&nbsp;Wasef AL-Zayadneh,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Sheteiwy,&nbsp;Mohammed Alyafei","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02041-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02041-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change poses complex and unpredictable challenges to the ecosystems and agricultural systems. Anthropogenic activities have increased CO₂ concentrations in the atmosphere and changes in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation. These environmental changes severely impair crop growth and production of crops, particularly in sensitive species. Therefore, evaluating the combined effects of eCO₂ and UV-B radiation is essential for predicting climate change on crop systems and ecosystem stability. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the tolerance of two <i>Moringa</i> species (<i>Moringa oleifera</i> and <i>Moringa peregrina</i>) to elevated (eCO₂), UV-B radiation and their combined effects. The results revealed that <i>Moringa oleifera</i> under eCO₂ treatment had higher plant height than <i>Moringa peregrina</i>. On the other hand, the lowest plant height was recorded in both tested species under UV-B radiation treatment. Further, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid content in <i>Moringa oleifera</i> were much higher in eCO₂-treated plants than in <i>Moringa peregrina</i>, although UV-B radiation had a significant impact on reducing photosynthetic pigments in both species. The nutrient analysis also revealed that the levels of nitrogen (N), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and boron (B) in <i>Moringa oleifera</i> were significantly higher than those in <i>Moringa peregrina</i> under eCO₂ treatment. Conversely, the concentrations of potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and sulfur (S) were found to be greatest in the <i>Moringa peregrina</i> under eCO₂ treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ZnO and MnO2 Incorporation On Ciprofloxacin Adsorption By Electrochemically Exfoliated graphene@ZnO@MnO2 Nanocomposite","authors":"Le Phuong Hoang,&nbsp;Thi Thao Truong,&nbsp;Van-Truong Nguyen,&nbsp;Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10073-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10073-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely detected fluoroquinolone antibiotic in aquatic environments, has raised increasing concern due to its persistence and potential environmental risks. In this study, graphene (ESG) and graphene@ZnO@MnO₂ nanocomposite (ESG@ZnO@MnO₂) were synthesized via electrochemical exfoliation and comparatively evaluated for CIP removal from aqueous solution. Characterization results confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO and MnO₂ onto graphene sheets and revealed enhanced surface properties of the nanocomposite. ESG@ZnO@MnO₂ exhibited a higher specific surface area (56.28 m² g⁻¹) than ESG (37.54 m² g⁻¹). The removal efficiency was strongly dependent on solution pH, reaching optimal performance at pH 7. Kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that surface interactions played an important role in the adsorption process. Equilibrium data were best described by the Sips isotherm model, indicating energetically heterogeneous adsorption sites. Under identical conditions, the Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of ESG@ZnO@MnO₂ (131.58 mg g⁻¹) was nearly double that of ESG (66.98 mg g⁻¹), reflecting the combined contribution of graphene and metal oxide components toward enhanced CIP removal. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Mechanistic analysis suggested that weak electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π–π interactions, and possible coordination with surface metal oxide sites collectively contributed to CIP adsorption. In addition, ESG@ZnO@MnO₂ retained 80.65% of its removal efficiency after five regeneration cycles, demonstrating good stability and reusability. These findings demonstrate that electrochemically synthesized graphene-based nanocomposites are promising and environmentally friendly adsorbents for the efficient removal of antibiotic contaminants from water.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron-modified Calcinated Coconut Fiber Biochar for Simultaneous Removal of Copper and Zinc: Optimization, Production Cost Assessment, and Machine Learning Modeling","authors":"Xuan Thanh Bui,&nbsp;Thuy Trang Khuat,&nbsp;Phacharapol Induvesa,&nbsp;Nguyen Thuy Chung","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study developed and evaluated an iron modified biochar (AcBC) from coconut fiber in Ben Tre, Vietnam, for the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Characterization (SEM–EDS, BET, XRD, FTIR) showed that mineral rich coconut fiber pyrolyzed without inert gas undergoes strong surface mineralization, forming crystalline silicates that block pores and functional groups, resulting in raw biochar (RBC) with low surface area, limited porosity, and few active sites. After iron salt co precipitation with NaOH, AcBC exhibited major improvements, including a nearly 20- fold increase in surface area form 5 to 100 m²/g, well developed mesopores, and the return of functional groups. Silicate minerals also contributed to adsorption by providing active sites and supporting iron oxide and iron silicate formation. AcBC achieved about twenty percent higher removal efficiency and maximum capacities of 34.75 mg/g for Cu²⁺ and 29.69 mg/g for Zn²⁺, more than double those of RBC. To systematically describe the adsorption mechanisms, four kinetic models (pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion, and Boyd) and four isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich) were utilized. Crucially, tree-based machine learning interpreted via SHAP analysis successfully quantified the mechanisms; Extreme Gradient Boosting accurately predicted adsorption capacity R² &gt; 92%, identifying specific surface area, % Si, and % O as the most important material properties, while that of cation descriptors relative atomic mass, effective ionic radius and first order hydrolysis constants. With low cost production, simple synthesis, and strong performance, AcBC represents a practical and scalable option for treating heavy metal contaminated wastewater in developing regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinspired silver nanoparticles from Barleria lawii leaf extract: phytochemical-mediated synthesis, characterization, and multifunctional properties","authors":"Saif Saleh Mohsen Ali,&nbsp;Bairaj Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Kamartaha I. Saiyed,&nbsp;Hind Alzaylaee,&nbsp;Mutee Murshed,&nbsp;Ramzan Ullah,&nbsp;Pushpa Robin,&nbsp;ZabnAllah M. Alaizeri","doi":"10.1007/s00114-026-02178-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-026-02178-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represents an emerging bioinspired strategy for generating multifunctional nanomaterials by exploiting natural phytochemicals as reducing and stabilizing agents. In this study, <i>Barleria lawii</i> leaf extract was utilized for the first time as a biological platform for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Bl-AgNPs). Phytochemical analysis revealed substantial phenolic and flavonoid contents (28.4 mg GAE/g and 18.1 mg QE/g, respectively), supporting their role in Ag⁺ reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. Under optimized conditions (10 mM AgNO₃, extract-to-precursor ratio of 1:2, pH 8, and 60 °C), stable spherical Bl-AgNPs were obtained, exhibiting a characteristic surface plasmon resonance band at 422.5 nm. XRD analysis confirmed face-centered cubic crystallinity with an average crystallite size of 27.60 ± 6.57 nm, while TEM revealed spherical particles with an average size of 22.1 ± 6.5 nm. DLS gave a hydrodynamic diameter of 121.8 nm, and zeta potential measurements indicated good colloidal stability (− 31.2 mV). The synthesized Bl-AgNPs demonstrated enhanced antioxidant activity (DPPH IC₅₀ = 17.24 µg/mL), broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> (inhibition zones of 30.5, 25.5, and 26.5 mm, respectively, at 500 µg/mL), and increased cytotoxicity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC₅₀ = 12.95 µg/mL) compared with the crude extract (IC₅₀ = 40.57 µg/mL). Additionally, Bl-AgNPs exhibited efficient catalytic performance in NaBH₄-mediated reduction of 4-nitrophenol and methylene blue, following pseudo-first-order kinetics. Overall, this study highlights <i>B. lawii</i> as an underexplored phytochemical resource for the bioinspired generation of stable and multifunctional silver nanoparticles, demonstrating the potential of plant-derived metabolites in developing biologically active nanomaterials.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>Workflow depicting the green biosynthesis of Bl-AgNPs using <i>Barleria lawii</i> leaf extract, highlighting extract preparation, phytochemical-mediated nanoparticle formation, physicochemical characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and catalytic activities.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar Synthesis from Watermelon Rind Waste: Characterization of Physicochemical and Adsorption Properties","authors":"Ahmed M. Kamil,&nbsp;Anitha C. Kumar,&nbsp;Jephin K. Jose,&nbsp;Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10035-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10035-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, sustainable and cost-efficient wastewater treatment technology has been pursued using biomass-based adsorbents. This study investigates the conversion of watermelon rind into biochar (WRB), comparing its yields, physicochemical properties, and adsorption capacities across three pyrolysis temperatures at two residence times. The biochar produced from watermelon rind was 37.5%, 32.6%, and 30.6% at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively, at a residence time of 1 h. When the residence time was extended to 3 h, the yields decreased to 33.9%, 29.8%, and 25.9%, respectively. Proximate analysis presents increased fixed carbon and reduced volatile content. Ultimate analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra expose structural differences exhibiting higher aromatic content at elevated pyrolysis temperatures, while pyrolysis-induced loss of functional groups like hydroxyl (O–H) and carboxyl (-COOH) bonds diminished biochar adsorption properties. The biochar produced at 400 °C in 1 h exhibited the highest adsorption capacity. The effects of initial concentration of safranine dye (SMS), contact time, pH, and temperature on adsorption efficiency were measured through batch adsorption experiments. The experimental results were fitted using the Langmuir isotherm (q_max = 34.965 mg g⁻¹) and pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process is found to be spontaneous and endothermic. The results suggest that biochar can be used as an effective, economical, and eco-friendly adsorbent in the removal of cationic dyes in our experiment and has great potential in terms of large-scale treatment of wastewater.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No armor is perfect: detecting hotspots of parasitic horse fly attacks on black caiman through 3D modeling and citizen science","authors":"Gabriel A. Brito Vera,&nbsp;Bruce Anthony Tumbaco Vega","doi":"10.1007/s00114-026-02174-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-026-02174-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ectoparasites often exploit anatomical weak points in their hosts, yet how their attacks are distributed across the body remains poorly understood in armored ectotherms and other organisms partly due to scarce data and the lack of spatial tools for studying parasitism on complex surfaces. This study combines citizen-science imagery with three-dimensional kernel density estimation (3D KDE) to examine 275 tabanid biting events on <i>Melanosuchus niger</i>, mapped onto a high-resolution 3D anatomical model. Contrary to expectations, bite intensity was unrelated to surface exposure; instead, attacks clustered in nasal and orbital regions. These findings reveal non-random, anatomy-driven parasitism and introduce a replicable spatial framework for quantifying host–parasite interactions using open-access data and morphological modeling. This complementary approach advances the ecological understanding of microhabitat selection in ectoparasites and provides new tools for exploring fine-scale interactions in elusive or logistically constrained systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnO Nanoparticle-Reinforced Sodium Alginate/Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) Microbeads for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions","authors":"Sedanur Altun,&nbsp;Mustafa Ersin Pekdemir,&nbsp;Ahmet Ulu","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10075-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10075-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, ZnO nanoparticle (NP)-reinforced sodium alginate/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (SA/PVP) microbeads were developed as efficient adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. ZnO NPs were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and subsequently incorporated into a SA/PVP polymer matrix. The resulting mixture was introduced dropwise into a CaCl₂ crosslinking solution using a syringe-assisted dripping technique to produce ZnO NP-loaded microbeads. The synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while the structural and thermal properties of the prepared microbeads were analyzed using ATR-IR, SEM–EDX, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption performance of the ZnO NP-reinforced SA/PVP microbeads toward MB was evaluated by investigating the effects of ZnO loading, initial dye concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature. Under optimal conditions (pH 7–8, adsorbent dosage 16.4 mg, temperature 313 K, and contact time 6 h), the maximum MB removal efficiency reached 83.85%. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while equilibrium data were best described by the Freundlich isotherm model, with a Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of 29.76 mg g⁻¹. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that the adsorption process was endothermic and thermally assisted. Moreover, the suggested microbeads exhibited the high reusability and adsorption rate (∼93%) without significant loss after sixth adsorption–desorption cycles. The adsorption mechanism was mainly governed by electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces between MB molecules and functional groups of the ZnO NP-reinforced SA/PVP microbeads. These findings demonstrate that the developed hybrid microbeads offer promising potential for environmental remediation of dye-contaminated water.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149188987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Most Important Variables for Aerobic Biodegradation of Hyper-saline Phenolic Wastewater by Artificial Neural Network","authors":"Faeze Hashemi,&nbsp;Mehdi Ahmadi,&nbsp;Heydar Maleki,&nbsp;Mohammad Rafiee,&nbsp;Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh,&nbsp;Ali Akbar Babaei","doi":"10.1007/s11270-026-10061-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-026-10061-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aerobic granular sequencing batch reactor (AGSBR) offers a promising biological solution for treating toxic and saline industrial wastewaters. In this study, AGSBR was cultivated from a mixed microbial consortium over 115 days and subsequently operated for 220 days (total operation: 335 days) to remove phenol from synthetic saline effluents. A multilayer perceptron artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to evaluate the relative importance of influent phenol concentration (IPC), total dissolved solids (TDS), and aeration time (AT) on process performance. The results showed that increase of IPC from 100 to 500 mg/L reduced the highest phenol removal from 100 to 83%. Prolonging AT from 6 to 18 h enhanced removal efficiency from 64 to 83% at 500 mg/L phenol, while elevating TDS from 10 to 30 g/L (1 to 3%) decreased efficiency from 83 to 75% under the same phenol concentration. Sensitivity analysis revealed that TDS and AT were approximately twice as influential as IPC in determining phenol removal efficiency. These findings underscore the critical roles of salinity control and aeration management in maintaining effective phenol biodegradation. Accordingly, for robust and reliable treatment of hypersaline phenolic wastewater, strict regulation of TDS and AT is strongly recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"237 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}