历史学最新文献

{"title":"[Xia Yingtang: his life and medical activities in the Republican era].","authors":"J Y Zhou, S S Zhu, L Shang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250910-00152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250910-00152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Xia Yingtang, a representative figure of the Shanghai school in traditional Chinese medicine during the Republic of China, was renowned with Ding Ganren as \"Ding in the North, Xia in the South\". With exceptional medical expertise, he founded the Xia-style of internal medicine lineage and actively engaged in public medical affairs. He established charitable institutions such as the Hucheng Branch of the China Red Cross Society and the Hucheng Branch Hospital, organizing and participating relief efforts in wartime and epidemic prevention and control. His contributions profoundly influenced the construction and development of China's public health system and professional education. He was dedicated to the reform and advancement of TCM education by establishing the Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine School and the Shanghai Women's School of Traditional Chinese Medicine. In particular, he bravely confronted the danger of traditional Chinese medicine extinction, actively participated in the opposition to the \"Proposal to Abolish Traditional Chinese Medicine\", promoted the promulgation of the <i>Traditional Chinese Medicine Regulations,</i> and advocated for the establishment of the National Traditional Chinese Medicine Day, playing a key role in securing the legitimate status of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper analysed the historical newspapers, archives, and other relevant materials and examined the life of Xia Yingtang and his medical activities, It attempts to elucidate his contributions to traditional Chinese medicine and public health, restore his historical position in the modern development of traditional Chinese medicine, and call for broader academic attention and further research on this 'overlooked' physician.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 3","pages":"164-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examining doctor-patient interaction in the late Qing and early Republican periods: centering on <i>Zhong Guo Gu Jin Yi An Hui Bian</i> in gynecology and pediatrics].","authors":"M L Zhu, Z Z Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250213-00023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250213-00023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nature of medical practice involves both technical dimension of pathology and treatment and the socio-cultural dimension in terms of doctor-patient interaction, as a core components of the human health protection system. The gynecological and pediatric treatment narratives in <i>the Class Compilation of Ancient and Modern Medical Cases of China</i> (<i>Zhong Guo Gu Jin Yi An Hui Bian</i>) in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is believed to provide a typical sample for exploring multidimensional interactions in the traditional medical field at that time. With the increasing popularization of medical professional knowledge in this period, patients might use their own medical knowledge to self-diagnose and implicitly made contrast with the professional diagnosis and treatment of doctors, indicating the conflict of knowledge and power in the traditional medical field. Additionally, patients and their families might question the diagnosis and treatment plan due to the various standards of Chinese medical groups and the frequent occurrence of misdiagnosis. However, they might choose to trust doctors at the critical treatment stage, showing the contradictory characteristics of doctor-patient interaction. Confronting the infiltration of Western medical knowledge, the traditional Chinese medicine community strengthened the humanistic care and emotional interaction in the consultation process as an adaptive strategy for traditional medicine to cope with the challenges of modernity while maintaining its professional authority and consolidating the trust of the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 3","pages":"131-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examining Wang Jiufeng and his works].","authors":"Y P Zhao, Q W Shi, C Y Wu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250427-00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250427-00058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wang Jiufeng, a renowned physician in Zhenjiang in the period of Qianjia in the Qing Dynasty, transitioned from Confucianism to medicine and became proficient in the art of healing. The existing records of his life and works are rarely seen and often inconsistent. This paper examined his family background, life events, disciples, friends and works based on the genealogy compiled by Wang Jiufeng himself, and investigated some contentious issues in current literature materials, such as the differentiation between the North Wang Jiufeng and the South Wang Jiufeng, his year of death, his alternative name Mingjing, the cause of his deafness, and the official positions he held. It was found that there was only one Wang Jiufeng, a popular physician, wherever he appeared at that time.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 3","pages":"156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Arsenic drugs in the four medical translations in the late Qing Dynasty].","authors":"J Li, X D Song, C Zhen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250903-00146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250903-00146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper attempts to recreate and reconstruct the process of 'translation-transformation-application' of arsenical knowledge in the late Qing Dynasty by examining the four representative medical translations: <i>An Outline of Western Medicine (Xi Yi Lue Lun)</i>, <i>Explanations of Western Medicine (Xi Yi Lue Shi)</i>, <i>Universal Prescriptions (Wan Guo Yao Fang)</i>, and <i>A Compendium of Western Drugs (Xi Yao Da Cheng)</i>. It was found that in terms of nomenclature, the early coexistence of heterogeneous vernacular names such as Xin () and Xin Shi () underwent evolution and adjustment within medical texts, eventually coexisting with chemical nomenclature such as Shen (、). This resulted in a hybrid terminology system that integrated traditional experiences with modern chemical elements. In terms of dosage forms and quantity, arsenicals expanded from a single medicinal liquor into five major categories - solution, ointments, solids, pastes, and pills. This evolution presented a trajectory from an early phase of 'extensive collection' to a later phase of 'simplified consolidation' based on chemical classification. In terms of chemistry and toxicology, the translated works helped to establish a quantifiable and verifiable framework of modern pharmacology for substances long regarded as 'poisons' initially by successively introduced experimental detection techniques (such as the Marsh test), valence-based classifications, and semi-sinicized chemical formulas. In terms of authoritative citation, translators attempted to establish a chemical basis for arsenicals, facilitating their transformation from empirical poisons into 'scientific drugs' by drawing extensively on experimental data from European and American chemists and physicians. This study argues that the transfer of Western arsenical knowledge in the late Qing Dynasty was a process of continuous communication between translators and the medical community by introducing the knowledge and local practice rather than a simple linear process of scientization.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 3","pages":"139-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The history of renaming family doctors].","authors":"R H Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240330-00042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20240330-00042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper divided the history of family doctor renaming into the stages of origin, prosperity, decline and revival by examining its development history for the first time. It documented the changes of family doctor training and the process of its renaming at different times. It clarified the meanings and scope of family doctors and general practitioners and analyzed the differences between the two names in terms of emerging background, disciplinary foundation, training pattern and their main characteristics. It finally put forward some corresponding suggestions on the application of the family doctors and general practitioners in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 3","pages":"173-178"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Examining Wang Qixian's work and his <i>Techniques of Dynamic Qigong Massage</i>].","authors":"Y K Wang, Z Z He","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250610-00091","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250610-00091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wang Qixian, a clinical physician of the Xin'an Academic School with a Taoism background, focused on regimen and health care in the Qing Dynasty. His work, <i>Techniques of Dynamic Qigong Massage</i> (Dong Gong An Mo Mi Jue), was a book he compiled and annotated in 1696 on non-pharmacological therapy and clinical symptoms. However, some problems, such as incorrect version and uncertain sources, have remained up to now. This paper compared the book with the Section of Que Bing on dynamic Qigong and massage for children in <i>Dan Ting Lu Zhen Ren Guang Tai Xi Jing</i>. It was found that the book <i>Techniques of Dynamic Qigong Massage</i> came partly from a section by Que Bing in <i>Dan Ting Lu Zhen Ren Guang Tai Xi Jing</i>. It can be identified that what Wang Qixian compiled and annotated in his book was not the same as the section in Que Bing , but his own understandings and thoughts about dynamic Qigong and massage based on the section of Que Bing which made it a monograph to guide dynamic Qigong and massage treatment for children.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 2","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Wan Xin and his nutrition research on the Chinese army during the WWII].","authors":"G Wang, J Yang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250901-00144","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250901-00144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wan Xin and his colleagues started their soldier nutrition research at the end of 1938 when the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression was at the stage of stalemate. They followed this work up with the establishment of the Nutrition Research Institute at the Military Medical College. The urgent requirement at that time was to ensure and improve dietary nutrition of soldiers during the war because most soldiers were short of basic nutrition, the nonbattle injury casualty rate among the soldiers at the front was high and wounded soldiers recovered slowly in the Army hospitals. Wan Xin and his colleagues conducted investigations among wounded soldiers on their physical and nutritional status at the front and at military hospitals. They proposed a series of practical solutions to protect the strength of soldiers. In addition, their research on wartime nutrition security issues met the requirements of the war and promoted the establishment of modern nutrition science in China and the development of academic communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 2","pages":"106-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The therapeutic effect of <i>magnolia officinalis</i> on blood stasis in <i>Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic</i>].","authors":"C Z Jin, Y H Jin","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250518-00079","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250518-00079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The efficacy of Hou po in treating blood stasis can be traced back to <i>Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic.</i> However, its relative explanations of medical principles in later generations are scarcely seen and most of them were based on its pungent and warm nature. This paper examined the descriptions of the therapeutic effects of <i>Magnolia officinalis</i>(Hou po) in traditional Chinese materia medica literature throughout its history, analysed the symptoms and pathogenesis of blood stasis in traditional Chinese medicine and referred to other herbs listed in <i>Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic</i> used for treating blood stasis. It was found that <i>Magnolia officinalis</i>(Hou po) has two features to treat blood stasis. One is the internal effect that its pungent and warm nature can promote in the circulation of qi and blood without causing stagnation. Another is that its dispersive and surface-relieving effect can disperse wind, cold and dampness. Exploration of the medical efficacy of <i>Magnolia officinalis</i>(Hou po) in treating blood stasis in <i>Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic</i> can justify its efficacy in treating blood stasis, make up a deficiency in relative research and also provide reference for clinical application of Hou po.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 2","pages":"116-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The versions of <i>The Da Ren Tang Medicine List</i>(«»)].","authors":"Z Ge, S Liu, L P Song, L Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250626-00100","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250626-00100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Da Ren Tang Medicine List</i> was a TCM Pharmacy medicine list compiled and printed by Da Ren Tang. It looked similar to drug instructions today. Its current versions collected by various libraries across the country were believed published in 1913, based on the publication time on the homepages. This paper examined a variety of its versions and relative historical materials, collected by the library of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Da Ren Tang Pharmaceutical Factory of Jin Yao Da Ren Tang Group Plc. and private collections. It was found that this book has five versions, with almost all of them published after 1914. The latest finish date was between 1923-1928.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 2","pages":"98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The development of translation between Chinese and ancient Tibetan medical texts].","authors":"J Z M Zhuoma, Y Zhen","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250829-00141","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112155-20250829-00141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examined 16 translation books from ancient Tibetan medical texts into Chinese from 1957 to 2016, exploring the development process of translation and its historical characteristics. It was found that the translation work underwent three developmental stages. The first is the pioneering stage (1957-1983) marked by <i>the Four Medical Tantras</i>, partly translated by Sun Jingfeng and completly translated by Li Yongnian. The second is significant progress stage (1983-2000) when a professional translation team completed the translation of <i>the Four Medical Tantras, the Crystal Mirror of Medical Prescriptions</i>, and <i>the Moon King's Medical Diagnosis</i> by Li Duomei and Ma Shilin. The third is the further development stage (2000-2025) When <i>the Blue Beryl</i> and <i>the Three Major Herbals</i> were accomplished. These translation books ancient Tibetan medical texts into Chinese filled gaps academically, promoted the dissemination of Tibetan medical knowledge, and made significant contributions to the exchange of ethnic medicine and cultural inheritance.</p>","PeriodicalId":35995,"journal":{"name":"中华医史杂志","volume":"56 2","pages":"79-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147869823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}