Mechanisms of oligodendrocyte progenitor developmental migration

Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system (CNS), develop from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) that must first migrate extensively throughout the developing brain and spinal cord. Specified at particular times from discrete regions in the developing CNS, OPCs are one of the most migratory of cell types and disperse rapidly. A variety of factors act on OPCs to trigger intracellular changes that regulate their migration. We will discuss factors that act as long-range guidance cues, those that act to regulate cellular motility, and those that are critical in determining the final positioning of OPCs. In addition, recent evidence has identified the vasculature as the physical substrate used by OPCs for their migration. Several new findings relating to this oligodendroglial–vascular signaling axis reveal new insight on the relationship between OPCs and blood vessels in the developing and adult brain.