{"title":"实验性青光眼视网膜胶质细胞的活化与神经节细胞的变性有关","authors":"Yanying Miao , Guo-Li Zhao , Shuo Cheng, Zhongfeng Wang, Xiong-Li Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101169","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for </span>neurodegeneration<span> in glaucoma. Glial cells<span><span>, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons, are well involved into retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in </span>experimental glaucoma<span> animal models generated by elevated IOP. In response to elevated IOP, mGluR I is first activated and Kir4.1 channels are subsequently inhibited, which leads to the activation of Müller cells. Müller cell activation is followed by a complex process, including proliferation, release of inflammatory and growth factors (gliosis). Gliosis is further regulated by several factors. Activated Müller cells contribute to </span></span></span></span>RGC degeneration through generating glutamate receptor-mediated </span>excitotoxicity<span><span><span>, releasing cytotoxic factors<span> and inducing microglia activation. Elevated IOP activates microglia, and following morphological and functional changes, these cells, as resident </span></span>immune cells<span><span> in the retina, show adaptive immune responses, including an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor neurosis<span> factor-α, interleukins<span><span>, etc.). These ATP and Toll-like receptor-mediated responses are further regulated by heat shock proteins<span><span>, CD200R, chemokine receptors, and metabotropic </span>purinergic receptors, may aggravate RGC loss. In the optic nerve head, </span></span>astrogliosis<span> is initiated and regulated by a complex reaction process, including purines, transmitters, </span></span></span></span>chemokines<span>, growth factors and cytokines, which contributes to RGC axon injury through releasing pro-inflammatory factors and changing </span></span></span>extracellular matrix in glaucoma. The effects of activated glial cells on RGCs are further modified by the interplay among different types of glial cells. This review is concluded by presenting an in-depth discussion of possible research directions in this field in the future.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":21159,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":18.6000,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"10","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Activation of retinal glial cells contributes to the degeneration of ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma\",\"authors\":\"Yanying Miao , Guo-Li Zhao , Shuo Cheng, Zhongfeng Wang, Xiong-Li Yang\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101169\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><span><span><span>Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for </span>neurodegeneration<span> in glaucoma. Glial cells<span><span>, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons, are well involved into retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in </span>experimental glaucoma<span> animal models generated by elevated IOP. In response to elevated IOP, mGluR I is first activated and Kir4.1 channels are subsequently inhibited, which leads to the activation of Müller cells. Müller cell activation is followed by a complex process, including proliferation, release of inflammatory and growth factors (gliosis). Gliosis is further regulated by several factors. Activated Müller cells contribute to </span></span></span></span>RGC degeneration through generating glutamate receptor-mediated </span>excitotoxicity<span><span><span>, releasing cytotoxic factors<span> and inducing microglia activation. Elevated IOP activates microglia, and following morphological and functional changes, these cells, as resident </span></span>immune cells<span><span> in the retina, show adaptive immune responses, including an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor neurosis<span> factor-α, interleukins<span><span>, etc.). These ATP and Toll-like receptor-mediated responses are further regulated by heat shock proteins<span><span>, CD200R, chemokine receptors, and metabotropic </span>purinergic receptors, may aggravate RGC loss. In the optic nerve head, </span></span>astrogliosis<span> is initiated and regulated by a complex reaction process, including purines, transmitters, </span></span></span></span>chemokines<span>, growth factors and cytokines, which contributes to RGC axon injury through releasing pro-inflammatory factors and changing </span></span></span>extracellular matrix in glaucoma. The effects of activated glial cells on RGCs are further modified by the interplay among different types of glial cells. This review is concluded by presenting an in-depth discussion of possible research directions in this field in the future.</span></p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":21159,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":18.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"10\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946223000083\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"OPHTHALMOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Progress in Retinal and Eye Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946223000083","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"OPHTHALMOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Activation of retinal glial cells contributes to the degeneration of ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma
Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Glial cells, which play an important role in normal functioning of retinal neurons, are well involved into retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in experimental glaucoma animal models generated by elevated IOP. In response to elevated IOP, mGluR I is first activated and Kir4.1 channels are subsequently inhibited, which leads to the activation of Müller cells. Müller cell activation is followed by a complex process, including proliferation, release of inflammatory and growth factors (gliosis). Gliosis is further regulated by several factors. Activated Müller cells contribute to RGC degeneration through generating glutamate receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, releasing cytotoxic factors and inducing microglia activation. Elevated IOP activates microglia, and following morphological and functional changes, these cells, as resident immune cells in the retina, show adaptive immune responses, including an enhanced release of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor neurosis factor-α, interleukins, etc.). These ATP and Toll-like receptor-mediated responses are further regulated by heat shock proteins, CD200R, chemokine receptors, and metabotropic purinergic receptors, may aggravate RGC loss. In the optic nerve head, astrogliosis is initiated and regulated by a complex reaction process, including purines, transmitters, chemokines, growth factors and cytokines, which contributes to RGC axon injury through releasing pro-inflammatory factors and changing extracellular matrix in glaucoma. The effects of activated glial cells on RGCs are further modified by the interplay among different types of glial cells. This review is concluded by presenting an in-depth discussion of possible research directions in this field in the future.
期刊介绍:
Progress in Retinal and Eye Research is a Reviews-only journal. By invitation, leading experts write on basic and clinical aspects of the eye in a style appealing to molecular biologists, neuroscientists and physiologists, as well as to vision researchers and ophthalmologists.
The journal covers all aspects of eye research, including topics pertaining to the retina and pigment epithelial layer, cornea, tears, lacrimal glands, aqueous humour, iris, ciliary body, trabeculum, lens, vitreous humour and diseases such as dry-eye, inflammation, keratoconus, corneal dystrophy, glaucoma and cataract.