Sustaining reform implementation: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT This systematic literature review analysed research related to education reform published between 2000 and 2020. Empirical evidence from 249 studies identified factors hindering or facilitating the long-term success of reform implementation. Eight overarching, actionable themes were found to influence success. Six themes describe requirements at the school level: the need for shared leadership focused on supporting reform; budgeting and resourcing considerations; the critical role of continuing, high-quality professional learning that is consistent with the reform effort; the need for data collection and evaluation to examine the success of the reform initiative and guide further changes; the importance of engaging stakeholders in the reform process on an ongoing basis; and ensuring staffing stability. At the classroom level, teachers require support in developing a clear understanding of the reform in practice and actionable steps for implementation. Finally, ways in which external entities and advisory teams can help to sustain reform are presented.