慢性精神分裂症的自传式记忆障碍:意义和临床相关性

IF 2 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY
Christina J. Herold, Marc M. L?sser, Johannes Schr?der
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引用次数: 1

摘要

以往对精神分裂症患者自传体记忆(AM)的研究发现,其特异性、细节丰富性和有意识的回忆都有所减少,这表明AM在定量和定性上都发生了变化。然而,它们与精神病理症状和神经心理缺陷的关系尚未得到解决。因此,我们试图调查慢性精神分裂症患者的精神病理学和神经心理学方面的AM,以排除不同病程的影响。采用半结构化访谈法,对75例患者和50例健康对照者进行了四个生命周期的AM检测。这些回忆的片段被根据记忆特异性进行评分。随后,对生活中每个时期的一个事件进行细节和体验方面的评分(原创性、生动性/视觉意象、情感再体验和情感效价)。与健康对照组相比,患者回忆的事件次数和个人语义事实显著减少;此外,AM的记忆特异性明显低于对照组。虽然对单个事件计算的细节丰富性只显示出轻微的、不显著的组间差异,但在患者组中,生动度和情绪再体验明显不那么明显。与此同时,AM表现与消极症状(包括冷漠、言语记忆和执行功能)显著相关。我们的研究结果强调了过度概括作为精神分裂症AM的一个关键特征的重要性,以及单个事件的完整细节数量与减少的生动性和情感再体验之间的分离。包括冷漠和言语记忆/执行功能损伤在内的阴性症状的程度可以解释慢性精神分裂症的AM缺陷。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Autobiographical memory impairment in chronic schizophrenia: Significance and clinical correlates

Previous studies of autobiographical memory (AM) in schizophrenia yielded a reduction of specificity, richness of details and conscious recollection, which indicate both, quantitative and qualitative AM changes. However, their associations with psychopathological symptoms and neuropsychological deficits were not resolved. Therefore, we sought to investigate AM with respect to psychopathology and neuropsychology in patients with chronic schizophrenia to rule out the influence of different courses of the disease. AM of four lifetime periods was examined in 75 patients and 50 healthy controls by using a semi-structured interview. The recalled episodes were rated for memory specificity. Subsequently, one single event of each period of life was rated for details and experiential aspects of reliving (originality, vividness/visual imagery, emotional re-experiencing and emotional valence). When contrasted with healthy controls, patients recalled a significantly reduced number of episodes and personal semantic facts; moreover, memory specificity of AM was significantly lower in patients than controls. While the richness of details calculated for single events showed only minor, non-significant group differences, vividness and emotional re-experiencing were significantly less pronounced in the patient group. Along with this, AM performance correlated significantly with negative symptoms including apathy as well as verbal memory and executive functions. Our results underline the significance of overgenerality as a key feature of AM in schizophrenia as well as a dissociation between intact number of details of single events and reduced vividness and emotional re-experiencing. The extent of negative symptoms including apathy and impairments of verbal memory/executive functions may explain AM deficits in chronic schizophrenia.

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来源期刊
Journal of Neuropsychology
Journal of Neuropsychology 医学-心理学
CiteScore
4.50
自引率
4.50%
发文量
34
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Neuropsychology publishes original contributions to scientific knowledge in neuropsychology including: • clinical and research studies with neurological, psychiatric and psychological patient populations in all age groups • behavioural or pharmacological treatment regimes • cognitive experimentation and neuroimaging • multidisciplinary approach embracing areas such as developmental psychology, neurology, psychiatry, physiology, endocrinology, pharmacology and imaging science The following types of paper are invited: • papers reporting original empirical investigations • theoretical papers; provided that these are sufficiently related to empirical data • review articles, which need not be exhaustive, but which should give an interpretation of the state of research in a given field and, where appropriate, identify its clinical implications • brief reports and comments • case reports • fast-track papers (included in the issue following acceptation) reaction and rebuttals (short reactions to publications in JNP followed by an invited rebuttal of the original authors) • special issues.
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