晚年失去伴侣:在丧亲之痛后不久应对的性别差异

IF 2.5 4区 心理学 Q2 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL
Bernavan Baarsen, Marjolein I. Broese van Groenou
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引用次数: 39

摘要

本纵向研究旨在解释老年女性(n = 60)和老年男性(n = 43)在失去伴侣后大约1年的应对反应,使用一般的应对理论。心理不协调理论预测,行为和心理应对是对经历过的孤独的反应,它们受到实际的和感知的机会或资源的促进。结果表明,社会关系的可用性和较好的总体健康状况鼓励了丧亲者的应对反应,以及出乎意料的更高的社会焦虑和经济压力。结果显示,对女性和男性的影响恰恰相反。在伴侣去世后,随着时间的推移,男性比女性更经常与他人分享自己的情绪。此外,研究结果还表明,资源在新近丧亲的女性和男性的应对反应中起着不同的作用。在鳏夫中,经济压力可能会阻碍情绪应对反应,而在寡妇中,高等教育和拥有最好的女性朋友似乎是应对损失的风险因素。相对健康,或感觉自己比其他可比的人过得更好,可以防止伴侣死亡的负面影响,特别是对最近失去亲人的妇女而言。结论是,所提出的理论为理解最近失去亲人的个人如何应对伴侣死亡提供了有用的概念;然而,这无助于解释本研究中发现的性别差异。此外,研究结果质疑了老年寡妇的健康状况不佳以及老年寡妇的社会地位和老年鳏夫的社会经济地位更有利的假设。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
PARTNER LOSS IN LATER LIFE: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN COPING SHORTLY AFTER BEREAVEMENT
This longitudinal study aimed to explain coping responses of older women (n = 60)and men (n = 43) at about 1 year following partner loss using a general theory of coping. The theory of mental incongruity predicts that behavioral and mental coping are responses to experienced loneliness and that they are facilitated by actual and perceived opportunities or resources. Results show that the availability of social relationships and better general health encourage coping responses among the bereaved, as well as, unexpectedly, higher social anxiety and financial stress. Results reveal opposite effects for women and men. As time elapses since the death of the partner, men more often share their emotions with others than women. Also, the results suggest that resources play different roles in coping responses of recently bereaved women and men. Among widowers financial stress may impede emotional coping responses, while among widows higher education and having a best female friend seem to function as riskfactors in coping with loss. Relative health, or the feeling one is better off than comparable others, may protect against the negative effects of partner death, particularly among recently bereaved women. It is concluded that the proposed theory offers useful concepts in understanding how recently bereaved individuals cope with partner death; however,it is not helpful in explaining the gender differences found in the present study. Further, the findings question the supposed less favorable health position of older widows and the more favorable social position of older widows and socioeconomic position of older widowers.
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来源期刊
Journal of Loss & Trauma
Journal of Loss & Trauma PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL-
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
4.30%
发文量
56
期刊介绍: In one forum, Journal of Loss and Trauma brings together scholarship on personal losses relating to family, health, and aging issues. The journal addresses issues dealing with psychological and physical health and interpersonal losses relative to extended family, community life, and society as a whole. In order to broaden the reader"s perspective on loss and bereavement, the journal defines loss as a major reduction in a person"s resources, whether personal, material, or symbolic, to which the person was emotionally attached. Types of loss covered include: death and dying; dissolution and divorce; loss of employment; life-threatening diseases and long-term disability; loss of possessions; homelessness.
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