{"title":"微量营养素与人类大脑的进化","authors":"Hans K. Biesalski","doi":"10.1016/j.nfs.2023.100150","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several theories describe the increasing enlargement of the human brain because of environmental changes or dietary alterations. The environmental changes led to a change in diet quality (micronutrient density) because of changes in food foraging, which ensured that a growing brain was adequately supplied with energy and essential micronutrients for growth. The hippocampus is a direct link between nutrition and the environment, which is necessary for adapting to a changing climate. The adaptation then improves foraging success and enables better food quality and thus favors the development of the hippocampus, which in turn influences the development of other brain regions.</p><p>The extraordinary ability of our ancestors for persistent running not only favored hunting but also had direct effects on hormones that support brain development. The connection between physical exercise, nutrition, and plasticity of the hippocampus and the resulting adaptation to changing environmental conditions is essential for triggering or stimulating brain development. As the <em>variability selection hypothesis</em> proposes, fluctuations in environmental conditions need a short adaptive answer, which may become genetically fixed and selected. The presented hypothesis allows a meaningful combination of the different theories of brain development (pulse climate, variability selection, amplifier lakes) and nutrition theories (aquatic, cooking, energy).</p><p>The assumption that the hippocampus, as a “central sensory organ”, detects new events and enables an adaptive response is not an isolated assumption for the hippocampus since other brain regions can also react similarly with synaptic plasticity. Through adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which is unique only in the hippocampus and synaptic plasticity, there is the possibility of detection and (neurological) storage of previously unknown events and linking them to other cortical areas, which may increase cortical volume.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":19294,"journal":{"name":"NFS Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Micronutrients and the evolution of the human brain\",\"authors\":\"Hans K. Biesalski\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.nfs.2023.100150\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Several theories describe the increasing enlargement of the human brain because of environmental changes or dietary alterations. The environmental changes led to a change in diet quality (micronutrient density) because of changes in food foraging, which ensured that a growing brain was adequately supplied with energy and essential micronutrients for growth. The hippocampus is a direct link between nutrition and the environment, which is necessary for adapting to a changing climate. The adaptation then improves foraging success and enables better food quality and thus favors the development of the hippocampus, which in turn influences the development of other brain regions.</p><p>The extraordinary ability of our ancestors for persistent running not only favored hunting but also had direct effects on hormones that support brain development. The connection between physical exercise, nutrition, and plasticity of the hippocampus and the resulting adaptation to changing environmental conditions is essential for triggering or stimulating brain development. As the <em>variability selection hypothesis</em> proposes, fluctuations in environmental conditions need a short adaptive answer, which may become genetically fixed and selected. The presented hypothesis allows a meaningful combination of the different theories of brain development (pulse climate, variability selection, amplifier lakes) and nutrition theories (aquatic, cooking, energy).</p><p>The assumption that the hippocampus, as a “central sensory organ”, detects new events and enables an adaptive response is not an isolated assumption for the hippocampus since other brain regions can also react similarly with synaptic plasticity. Through adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which is unique only in the hippocampus and synaptic plasticity, there is the possibility of detection and (neurological) storage of previously unknown events and linking them to other cortical areas, which may increase cortical volume.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19294,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"NFS Journal\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-09-22\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"NFS Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352364623000299\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"NFS Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352364623000299","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Micronutrients and the evolution of the human brain
Several theories describe the increasing enlargement of the human brain because of environmental changes or dietary alterations. The environmental changes led to a change in diet quality (micronutrient density) because of changes in food foraging, which ensured that a growing brain was adequately supplied with energy and essential micronutrients for growth. The hippocampus is a direct link between nutrition and the environment, which is necessary for adapting to a changing climate. The adaptation then improves foraging success and enables better food quality and thus favors the development of the hippocampus, which in turn influences the development of other brain regions.
The extraordinary ability of our ancestors for persistent running not only favored hunting but also had direct effects on hormones that support brain development. The connection between physical exercise, nutrition, and plasticity of the hippocampus and the resulting adaptation to changing environmental conditions is essential for triggering or stimulating brain development. As the variability selection hypothesis proposes, fluctuations in environmental conditions need a short adaptive answer, which may become genetically fixed and selected. The presented hypothesis allows a meaningful combination of the different theories of brain development (pulse climate, variability selection, amplifier lakes) and nutrition theories (aquatic, cooking, energy).
The assumption that the hippocampus, as a “central sensory organ”, detects new events and enables an adaptive response is not an isolated assumption for the hippocampus since other brain regions can also react similarly with synaptic plasticity. Through adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which is unique only in the hippocampus and synaptic plasticity, there is the possibility of detection and (neurological) storage of previously unknown events and linking them to other cortical areas, which may increase cortical volume.
NFS JournalAgricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
29 days
期刊介绍:
The NFS Journal publishes high-quality original research articles and methods papers presenting cutting-edge scientific advances as well as review articles on current topics in all areas of nutrition and food science. The journal particularly invites submission of articles that deal with subjects on the interface of nutrition and food research and thus connect both disciplines. The journal offers a new form of submission Registered Reports (see below). NFS Journal is a forum for research in the following areas: • Understanding the role of dietary factors (macronutrients and micronutrients, phytochemicals, bioactive lipids and peptides etc.) in disease prevention and maintenance of optimum health • Prevention of diet- and age-related pathologies by nutritional approaches • Advances in food technology and food formulation (e.g. novel strategies to reduce salt, sugar, or trans-fat contents etc.) • Nutrition and food genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics • Identification and characterization of food components • Dietary sources and intake of nutrients and bioactive compounds • Food authentication and quality • Nanotechnology in nutritional and food sciences • (Bio-) Functional properties of foods • Development and validation of novel analytical and research methods • Age- and gender-differences in biological activities and the bioavailability of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals and other dietary factors • Food safety and toxicology • Food and nutrition security • Sustainability of food production