微量营养素与人类大脑的进化

IF 4.1 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Hans K. Biesalski
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引用次数: 0

摘要

一些理论描述了由于环境变化或饮食改变,人类大脑越来越大。由于食物觅食的变化,环境变化导致饮食质量(微量营养素密度)发生变化,这确保了生长中的大脑获得足够的能量和生长所需的微量营养素。海马体是营养和环境之间的直接联系,这对于适应不断变化的气候是必要的。这种适应可以提高觅食的成功率,提高食物质量,从而有利于海马体的发育,进而影响大脑其他区域的发育。我们祖先持续奔跑的非凡能力不仅有利于狩猎,而且对支持大脑发育的激素也有直接影响。体育锻炼、营养和海马体的可塑性以及由此产生的对不断变化的环境条件的适应之间的联系对于触发或刺激大脑发育至关重要。正如变异选择假说所提出的那样,环境条件的波动需要一个简短的适应性答案,这个答案可能会在基因上变得固定和选择性。所提出的假设允许将不同的大脑发育理论(脉冲气候、变异性选择、放大器湖)和营养理论(水生、烹饪、能量)进行有意义的结合。海马体作为“中枢感觉器官”,能够检测到新的事件并产生适应性反应,这一假设对海马体来说并不是一个孤立的假设,因为其他大脑区域也可以对突触可塑性做出类似的反应。通过仅在海马体和突触可塑性中独特的成年海马神经发生(AHN),有可能检测和(神经)存储以前未知的事件,并将其与其他皮层区域联系起来,这可能会增加皮层体积。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Micronutrients and the evolution of the human brain

Micronutrients and the evolution of the human brain

Several theories describe the increasing enlargement of the human brain because of environmental changes or dietary alterations. The environmental changes led to a change in diet quality (micronutrient density) because of changes in food foraging, which ensured that a growing brain was adequately supplied with energy and essential micronutrients for growth. The hippocampus is a direct link between nutrition and the environment, which is necessary for adapting to a changing climate. The adaptation then improves foraging success and enables better food quality and thus favors the development of the hippocampus, which in turn influences the development of other brain regions.

The extraordinary ability of our ancestors for persistent running not only favored hunting but also had direct effects on hormones that support brain development. The connection between physical exercise, nutrition, and plasticity of the hippocampus and the resulting adaptation to changing environmental conditions is essential for triggering or stimulating brain development. As the variability selection hypothesis proposes, fluctuations in environmental conditions need a short adaptive answer, which may become genetically fixed and selected. The presented hypothesis allows a meaningful combination of the different theories of brain development (pulse climate, variability selection, amplifier lakes) and nutrition theories (aquatic, cooking, energy).

The assumption that the hippocampus, as a “central sensory organ”, detects new events and enables an adaptive response is not an isolated assumption for the hippocampus since other brain regions can also react similarly with synaptic plasticity. Through adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), which is unique only in the hippocampus and synaptic plasticity, there is the possibility of detection and (neurological) storage of previously unknown events and linking them to other cortical areas, which may increase cortical volume.

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来源期刊
NFS Journal
NFS Journal Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Food Science
CiteScore
11.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
18
审稿时长
29 days
期刊介绍: The NFS Journal publishes high-quality original research articles and methods papers presenting cutting-edge scientific advances as well as review articles on current topics in all areas of nutrition and food science. The journal particularly invites submission of articles that deal with subjects on the interface of nutrition and food research and thus connect both disciplines. The journal offers a new form of submission Registered Reports (see below). NFS Journal is a forum for research in the following areas: • Understanding the role of dietary factors (macronutrients and micronutrients, phytochemicals, bioactive lipids and peptides etc.) in disease prevention and maintenance of optimum health • Prevention of diet- and age-related pathologies by nutritional approaches • Advances in food technology and food formulation (e.g. novel strategies to reduce salt, sugar, or trans-fat contents etc.) • Nutrition and food genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics • Identification and characterization of food components • Dietary sources and intake of nutrients and bioactive compounds • Food authentication and quality • Nanotechnology in nutritional and food sciences • (Bio-) Functional properties of foods • Development and validation of novel analytical and research methods • Age- and gender-differences in biological activities and the bioavailability of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals and other dietary factors • Food safety and toxicology • Food and nutrition security • Sustainability of food production
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