用于水果和蔬菜采后储存的被动蒸发冷却器:在哪里最好地部署它们以及它们的性能如何

T. Defraeye, Kanaha Shoji, S. Schudel, Daniel I. Onwude, Chandrima Shrivastava
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引用次数: 1

摘要

被动蒸发冷却器具有巨大的潜力,可以帮助小农在收获后更长时间地保存新鲜水果和蔬菜。然而,我们可以从更透明的信息中受益,蒸发冷却器在哪些地方表现得足够好,以显着延长新鲜农产品的采后寿命。令人不满意的蒸发冷却器性能是农民有限采用该技术以减少粮食损失的潜在原因。我们的目标是提供易于使用的工具,帮助更好地确定直接被动蒸发冷却器的最佳潜力区域,并有效地部署它。这些信息应该有助于避免在环境条件只会导致温度下降几摄氏度的地区安装蒸发冷却器。具体而言,我们根据当地的空气温度和湿度,绘制了蒸发冷却可实现的降温设计图表。我们量化了苹果、香蕉、芒果和番茄通过在蒸发冷却器中储存产品而获得的额外采后寿命。对于这些水果,在环境温度为20°C、湿度为50%的温带气候下,使用被动冷却可以延长采后寿命约2-15天。我们以30公里的分辨率呈现了印度、尼日利亚和整个世界的地理地图,回答了蒸发冷却在多大程度上可以最大限度地降低产品温度并延长香蕉果实的采后寿命。我们发现被动蒸发冷却可以使采后寿命延长7天。我们把这些地图放到网上。我们还量化了蒸发冷却器在降低温度方面的表现以及它们应该如何大小。我们的研究结果将有助于在适当的地区安装蒸发冷却器。我们的数据还显示了冷却器在哪些月份可以以最佳性能运行。因此,我们有助于避免小农、政策制定者、农民或农民合作社对技术的幻想破灭和信任丧失。进一步推动小型蒸发冷却器的实施,可以为农民带来收获后生活的重大收益,减少粮食损失,增加收入。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Passive evaporative coolers for postharvest storage of fruit and vegetables: Where to best deploy them and how well do they perform
Passive evaporative coolers have a huge potential to help smallholder farmers to preserve their fresh fruit and vegetables longer after harvest. However, we could benefit from more transparent information on where evaporative coolers perform sufficiently well to extend the postharvest life of the fresh produce significantly. Unsatisfactory evaporative cooler performance is a potential cause for farmers' limited adoption of this technology to reduce food losses. Our objective is to present easy-to-use tools that help to better scope regions with the best potential for direct passive evaporative coolers and for effectively deploying it. This information should help avoid installing evaporative coolers in areas with environmental conditions that only induce a temperature depression of a few degrees Celsius. Concretely, we developed design charts of the achievable temperature depression by evaporative cooling based on the local air temperature and humidity. We quantified for apple, banana, mango, and tomato the resulting additional days in postharvest life gained by storing the produce in an evaporative cooler. For these fruits, the gain in postharvest life using passive cooling is roughly 2–15 days for temperate climates with an ambient temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 50%. We present geographical maps of India, Nigeria, and the entire world at a 30 km resolution that answer how much evaporative cooling can maximally decrease the produce temperature and extend postharvest life for banana fruit. We found that passive evaporative cooling could induce up to a 7-day gain in postharvest life. We make these maps available online. We also quantify how well evaporative coolers perform concerning reducing the temperature and how they should be sized. Our results will facilitate installing evaporative coolers only in suitable regions. Our data also show in which months the cooler can be operated with the best performance. We thereby help avoid disillusion and loss of trust in the technology with smallholder farmers, policymakers, farmers, or farmer cooperatives. Further catalyzing the implementation of small-scale evaporative coolers can bring farmers significant gains in postharvest life, reduce food losses, and increase revenues.
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