Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate (PEGMA) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Delivering Solifenacine as Super Smooth Coating of Ureteral Stent to Relieve Stent Syndrome: In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Urinary calculus is a very common disease in urology. Ureteral stent is popularly used in patients after surgeries to protect the ureter. Indwelling ureteral stent inevitably causes stent syndrome for the reason of foreign body stimulation and rough stent surface. Clinicaly, oral administration of solifenacine is a solution to relieve the symptoms, however it is with several complications. In our study, ureteral stent was coated with bioactive solifenacine in polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGMA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to realize super smooth surface and controlled release of solifenacine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and friction test of solifenacin-loaded super-smooth stent (SSSS) revealed its smooth surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and controlled release test showed its solifenacin delivering and controlled releasing. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed inhibited α-smooth mucle actin expression in SSSS treated smooth muscle cells. The SSSS was applied in male New Zealand rabbits and revealed the effect of inhibiting the abnormal contraction of bladders. The Histology of SSSS treated bladder revealed a diastolic muscle layer of bladder. The SSSS after implantation showed smoother surface and less calcium deposition. In conclusion, it’s demonstrated that the SSSS has the efficacy of relieving stent syndrome and potential for clinical translation and application.