一种新型的s形频率和模式可重构贴片天线，适用于4G LTE、WLAN/Wi-Max应用

IF 0.7 4区工程技术 Q4 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

Microelectronics International Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI:10.1108/mi-09-2022-0162

Pallav Rawal, S. Rawat

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引用次数: 1

摘要

目的在无线通信系统中，根据系统的不同要求使用多个天线会增加系统的复杂性。然而，可重新配置天线正在最大限度地提高连接性，以覆盖操作不同频率范围的不同无线服务。方向图可重构天线可以提高安全性，避免噪声，节省能源。由于其紧凑性和在不同应用中的更好性能，可重构天线在研究人员中非常受欢迎。本工作的目的是提出一种具有频率和方向图分集的S形天线的新颖设计。通过PIN二极管的开/关状态来控制模式和频率重新配置。设计/方法/方法所提出的天线尺寸的几何结构为18×18×0.787 mm3，εr=2.2介电常数。三个S形贴片通过PIN二极管连接到一个环形贴片。环形补片的近似周长为18.84 mm，贴片长度为5 mm，因此辐射贴片的近似长度为14.42 mm，有效介电常数为1.93。导体背对共面波导（CPW）用于馈电。所提出的天线是在CST微波工作室上设计和模拟的，并使用光刻工艺制造。已经在消声室中进行了测量。FindingsAntenna显示2.1和3.4频段的双频操作 GHz频率。第一个频带保持恒定在2.1 GHz谐振频率和200–400 MHz阻抗带宽。第二频带在3.14、3.45、3.46、3.68、3.69、3.83和3.86这七个不同的谐振频率下切换 GHz，带二极管开关。−10 dB带宽大于1.4 GHz.研究局限性/含义使用天线的机械运动可以很容易地实现模式重新配置，但对于平面天线来说，这不是一种可靠的方法。在所提出的天线中使用了电子切换方法。天线尺寸非常小，因此制造是一项非常关键的任务。由于制造误差以及二极管引线、连接线和电池的影响，测量结果与模拟结果存在偏差。实际意义所提出的天线的重新配置是通过三个PIN二极管的开/关状态来控制的。2.1的低频段 GHz是固定的，而第二频带在3.27、3.41、3.45、3.55和3.88这五个不同的谐振频率下切换 GHz，PIN二极管与二极管的所有状态切换，并在2.1时表现出模式可重新配置性 GHz频率。在第二频带，中心频率随着二极管的状态而显著变化，在3.4 GHz方向图也随着二极管的状态而变化，因此天线表现出频率和方向图的可重构性。独创性/价值提出了一种新颖的方向图和频率可重构天线设计。这里，工作分为两部分：第一部分是频率重构，第二部分是辐射方向图重构。PIN二极管作为开关用于选择频带和重新配置辐射模式。所提出的天线设计是一种新型的双频带频率和方向图可重构天线。它在两个不同的频率上共振，即2.1和3.4 GHz，并且具有从0°到355°的图案倾斜。导体背对CPW馈电技术用于阻抗匹配。

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A novel S-shaped frequency and pattern reconfigurable patch antenna for 4G LTE, WLAN/Wi-Max application

Purpose In wireless communication system, use of multiple antennas for different requirements of system will increase the system complexity. However, reconfigurable antenna is maximizing the connectivity to cover different wireless services that operate different frequency range. Pattern reconfigurable antenna can improve security, avoid noise and save energy. Due to their compactness and better performance at different applications, reconfigurable antennas are very popular among the researchers. The purpose of this work, is to propose a novel design of S-shaped antenna with frequency and pattern diversity. The pattern and frequency reconfiguration are controlled via ON/OFF states of the PIN diode. Design/methodology/approach The geometrical structure of the proposed antenna dimension is 18 × 18 × 0.787 mm3 with εr = 2.2 dielectric constant. Three S-shaped patches are connected to a ring patch through PIN diodes. The approximate circumference of ring patch is 18.84 mm and length of patch is 5 mm, so approximate length of radiating patch is 14.42 mm and effective dielectric constant is 1.93. Conductor backed coplanar waveguide (CPW) is used for feeding. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated on CST microwave studio and fabricated using photolithography process. Measurements have been done in anechoic chamber. Findings Antenna shows the dual band operation at 2.1 and 3.4 GHz frequency. The first band remains constant at 2.1 GHz resonant frequency and 200–400 MHz impedance bandwidth. Second band is switched at seven different resonant frequencies as 3.14, 3.45, 3.46, 3.68, 3.69, 3.83 and 3.86 GHz with switching of the diodes. The −10 dB bandwidth is more than 1.4 GHz. Research limitations/implications Pattern reconfigurability can be achieved using mechanical movement of antenna easily but it is not a reliable approach for planar antennas. Electronic switching method is used in proposed antenna. Antenna size is very small so fabrication is very crucial task. Measured results are deviated from simulation results due to fabrication error and effect of leads of diodes, connecting wires and battery. Practical implications The reconfiguration of the proposed antenna is controlled via ON/OFF states of the three PIN diodes. The lower band of 2.1 GHz is fixed, while second band is switched at five different resonant frequencies as 3.27, 3.41, 3.45, 3.55 and 3.88 GHz, with switching of the PIN diodes with all state of diodes and exhibit pattern reconfigurability at 2.1 GHz frequency. At second band center frequency is significantly changed with state of diodes and at 3.4 GHz pattern is also changed with state of diodes, hence antenna exhibits frequency and pattern reconfigurability. Originality/value A novel design of pattern and frequency reconfigurable antenna is proposed. Here, work is divided into two parts: first is frequency reconfiguration and second is radiation pattern reconfiguration. PIN diodes as switch are used to select the frequency band and reconfigure the radiation pattern. This proposed antenna design is novel dual band frequency and pattern reconfigurable antenna. It resonates at two distinct frequencies, i.e. 2.1 and 3.4 GHz, and has a pattern tilt from 0° to 355°. The conductor backed CPW feed technique is used for impedance matching.

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来源期刊

Microelectronics International 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

1.90

自引率

9.10%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Microelectronics International provides an authoritative, international and independent forum for the critical evaluation and dissemination of research and development, applications, processes and current practices relating to advanced packaging, micro-circuit engineering, interconnection, semiconductor technology and systems engineering. It represents a current, comprehensive and practical information tool. The Editor, Dr John Atkinson, welcomes contributions to the journal including technical papers, research papers, case studies and review papers for publication. Please view the Author Guidelines for further details. Microelectronics International comprises a multi-disciplinary study of the key technologies and related issues associated with the design, manufacture, assembly and various applications of miniaturized electronic devices and advanced packages. Among the broad range of topics covered are: • Advanced packaging • Ceramics • Chip attachment • Chip on board (COB) • Chip scale packaging • Flexible substrates • MEMS • Micro-circuit technology • Microelectronic materials • Multichip modules (MCMs) • Organic/polymer electronics • Printed electronics • Semiconductor technology • Solid state sensors • Thermal management • Thick/thin film technology • Wafer scale processing.