理解和认识自闭症谱系障碍的女性表现型和“伪装”假说:一个系统的PRISMA回顾

IF 1.1 Q4 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
C. Allely
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引用次数: 57

摘要

目的:患有自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的女性可能表现出肤浅的社交技能,这可能掩盖了他们的ASD症状,影响了对疾病的识别,这被称为“伪装”假说。与患有ASD的男性相比,人们越来越认识到患有ASD的女性具有更强的模仿社会可接受行为的能力,特别是那些具有较高认知能力(即智力被认为在正常范围内)的女性(Ehlers和Gillberg, 1993)。本文旨在对这一问题进行探讨。设计/方法/方法本论文将对女性ASD患者的伪装或掩蔽行为的文献进行探讨。进行了系统的PRISMA审查。在社交场合“伪装”社交困难的能力被认为是ASD女性表型的主要特征之一(例如Kenyon, 2014)。社会模仿或伪装可以在一定程度上取得成功和应对,这导致一些女性从未被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍。他们通常不会表现出任何可观察到的功能障碍。然而,在伪装的表面下,雌性可能会经历高度的主观压力、焦虑和疲惫,需要通过退出任何社会互动来重新充电或恢复。研究局限性/意义对ASD的女性表型的了解和认识相对较少。这种理解和知识的缺乏严重影响了识别女性ASD的能力(Laiet al., 2015;Bargielaet al., 2016),这可能会产生一些负面后果(Adamouet al., 2018;国家心理健康合作中心(联合王国),2012年)。实际意义有必要发展一种伪装措施。原创性/价值有必要进一步研究“伪装”或“假装正常”对ASD女性的积极和消极影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Understanding and recognising the female phenotype of autism spectrum disorder and the “camouflage” hypothesis: a systematic PRISMA review
PurposeFemales with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may display superficial social skills which may mask their ASD symptomology impacting on the identification of the disorder – known as the “camouflage” hypothesis. Compared to males with ASD, it is increasingly recognised that females with ASD have a stronger ability to imitate behaviour which is socially acceptable, particularly those females who have higher cognitive abilities (i.e. intelligence considered to be within the normal range) (Ehlers and Gillberg, 1993). The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper will explore the literature on camouflaging or masking behaviour in females with ASD. A systematic PRISMA review was conducted.FindingsThe capacity to “camouflage” social difficulties in social situations is considered to be one of the main features of the female phenotype of ASD (e.g. Kenyon, 2014). Social imitation or camouflaging enables some level of success and coping, which results in some females never receiving a diagnosis of ASD. They typically may not exhibit any observable functional impairments. However, under the surface of the camouflage, females may experience high levels of subjective stress, anxiety and exhaustion and a need to re-charge or recuperate by withdrawing from any social interaction.Research limitations/implicationsThere is relatively little understanding and knowledge of the female phenotype of ASD. This lack of understanding and knowledge impacts significantly on the ability to identify females with ASD (Laiet al., 2015; Bargielaet al., 2016), which can have a number of negative consequence (Adamouet al., 2018; National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK), 2012).Practical implicationsThere is a need for the development of a camouflaging measure.Originality/valueThere is a real need for further research exploring the positive and negative impact of the phenomenon of “camouflaging”, or “pretending to be normal” in females with ASD.
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来源期刊
Advances in Autism
Advances in Autism PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
0.00%
发文量
13
期刊介绍: Advances in Autism is unique in its focus on the health and care aspects and outcomes for people with autism. The journal''s content is international in focus and peer-reviewed. It includes the following: research-based articles evidence-based clinical and support articles articles on policy and advances in services where these can be internationally applied. Key areas of research covered include: clinical developments people''s experience through qualitative research policy debates and outcomes inclusion and quality of life developmental issues population and epidemiological studies services developments evidence-based reviews of key practice issues.
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