Yibin Lan, Jiaming Wang, Emily Aubie, Marnie Crombleholme, A. Reynolds
{"title":"葡萄以外的冷冻材料对红酒挥发物的影响。酵母菌株对花污染的缓解作用","authors":"Yibin Lan, Jiaming Wang, Emily Aubie, Marnie Crombleholme, A. Reynolds","doi":"10.5344/ajev.2022.22005","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"“Floral taint”, a unique sensory defect that has been detected in red wines in North America, is caused by frozen leaves and petioles (materials other than grapes; MOG) introduced during mechanical harvest. Responsible volatiles are likely terpenes, norisoprenoids, and esters. Objectives of this study were to investigate volatile compounds that may cause floral taint and to evaluate yeast strains that could mitigate the problem for a series of different leaf- and petiole-based MOG levels. Replicate Cabernet franc fermentations (2017 to 2019) combined MOG treatments ([wt/wt]: 0, 0.5%, and 2% leaf blades, and 0, 1%, and 5% petioles) with three yeast strains (CSM, EC1118, and FX10). Increases in leaf and petiole levels resulted in primarily linear increases in many aroma compounds, particularly terpenes. Increases in leaf addition increased concentrations of nine (2017), 12 (2018), or 17 terpenes (2019). Increased petioles led to linear increases in 13 (2017), 12 (2018), or 15 terpenes (2019). Norisoprenoids and salicylates were also responsive. Yeast effects varied with leaf and petiole levels and with season. Fermentations with 2% leaves displayed yeast-related differences in nine, four, and 10 terpenes, and four, two, and nine esters in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Fermentations with 5% petioles displayed yeast-related differences in three, six, and eight terpenes, and three, two, and five esters in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Yeasts EC1118 and FX10 produced the least terpenes at all leaf and petiole levels, while CSM produced the most. Results suggest that incorporation of frozen MOG to fermentations will result in elevated concentrations of terpenes, norisoprenoids, and salicylates associated with floral taint, and that specific yeast strains may diminish this problem.","PeriodicalId":7461,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of Frozen Materials Other Than Grapes on Red Wine Volatiles. Mitigation of Floral Taints by Yeast Strains\",\"authors\":\"Yibin Lan, Jiaming Wang, Emily Aubie, Marnie Crombleholme, A. Reynolds\",\"doi\":\"10.5344/ajev.2022.22005\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"“Floral taint”, a unique sensory defect that has been detected in red wines in North America, is caused by frozen leaves and petioles (materials other than grapes; MOG) introduced during mechanical harvest. Responsible volatiles are likely terpenes, norisoprenoids, and esters. Objectives of this study were to investigate volatile compounds that may cause floral taint and to evaluate yeast strains that could mitigate the problem for a series of different leaf- and petiole-based MOG levels. Replicate Cabernet franc fermentations (2017 to 2019) combined MOG treatments ([wt/wt]: 0, 0.5%, and 2% leaf blades, and 0, 1%, and 5% petioles) with three yeast strains (CSM, EC1118, and FX10). Increases in leaf and petiole levels resulted in primarily linear increases in many aroma compounds, particularly terpenes. Increases in leaf addition increased concentrations of nine (2017), 12 (2018), or 17 terpenes (2019). Increased petioles led to linear increases in 13 (2017), 12 (2018), or 15 terpenes (2019). Norisoprenoids and salicylates were also responsive. Yeast effects varied with leaf and petiole levels and with season. Fermentations with 2% leaves displayed yeast-related differences in nine, four, and 10 terpenes, and four, two, and nine esters in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Fermentations with 5% petioles displayed yeast-related differences in three, six, and eight terpenes, and three, two, and five esters in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Yeasts EC1118 and FX10 produced the least terpenes at all leaf and petiole levels, while CSM produced the most. Results suggest that incorporation of frozen MOG to fermentations will result in elevated concentrations of terpenes, norisoprenoids, and salicylates associated with floral taint, and that specific yeast strains may diminish this problem.\",\"PeriodicalId\":7461,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.2000,\"publicationDate\":\"2022-03-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2022.22005\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"American Journal of Enology and Viticulture","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5344/ajev.2022.22005","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of Frozen Materials Other Than Grapes on Red Wine Volatiles. Mitigation of Floral Taints by Yeast Strains
“Floral taint”, a unique sensory defect that has been detected in red wines in North America, is caused by frozen leaves and petioles (materials other than grapes; MOG) introduced during mechanical harvest. Responsible volatiles are likely terpenes, norisoprenoids, and esters. Objectives of this study were to investigate volatile compounds that may cause floral taint and to evaluate yeast strains that could mitigate the problem for a series of different leaf- and petiole-based MOG levels. Replicate Cabernet franc fermentations (2017 to 2019) combined MOG treatments ([wt/wt]: 0, 0.5%, and 2% leaf blades, and 0, 1%, and 5% petioles) with three yeast strains (CSM, EC1118, and FX10). Increases in leaf and petiole levels resulted in primarily linear increases in many aroma compounds, particularly terpenes. Increases in leaf addition increased concentrations of nine (2017), 12 (2018), or 17 terpenes (2019). Increased petioles led to linear increases in 13 (2017), 12 (2018), or 15 terpenes (2019). Norisoprenoids and salicylates were also responsive. Yeast effects varied with leaf and petiole levels and with season. Fermentations with 2% leaves displayed yeast-related differences in nine, four, and 10 terpenes, and four, two, and nine esters in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Fermentations with 5% petioles displayed yeast-related differences in three, six, and eight terpenes, and three, two, and five esters in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. Yeasts EC1118 and FX10 produced the least terpenes at all leaf and petiole levels, while CSM produced the most. Results suggest that incorporation of frozen MOG to fermentations will result in elevated concentrations of terpenes, norisoprenoids, and salicylates associated with floral taint, and that specific yeast strains may diminish this problem.
期刊介绍:
The American Journal of Enology and Viticulture (AJEV), published quarterly, is an official journal of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture (ASEV) and is the premier journal in the English language dedicated to scientific research on winemaking and grapegrowing. AJEV publishes full-length research papers, literature reviews, research notes, and technical briefs on various aspects of enology and viticulture, including wine chemistry, sensory science, process engineering, wine quality assessments, microbiology, methods development, plant pathogenesis, diseases and pests of grape, rootstock and clonal evaluation, effect of field practices, and grape genetics and breeding. All papers are peer reviewed, and authorship of papers is not limited to members of ASEV. The science editor, along with the viticulture, enology, and associate editors, are drawn from academic and research institutions worldwide and guide the content of the Journal.