幼儿储蓄与情景未来思维

IF 1.6 2区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
A. Tsui, C. Atance
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引用次数: 0

摘要

儿童的储蓄能力在学龄前就开始显现,但人们对储蓄的不同形式(以及这些形式是否相关)和驱动其发展的机制知之甚少。由于对成年人的研究表明,未来取向的不同方面会增加成年人的储蓄倾向,我们在加拿大渥太华的一所大学实验室对71名3至5岁的儿童进行了测试,研究了在两种不同情况下,心理上预先体验未来的能力(或“情景未来思维”)是否能预测储蓄。在第一个实验中,我们用“保存弹珠”的任务来评估孩子们为在不久的将来获得更大的奖励而存钱的能力。在第二个实验中,我们使用了一个新开发的“节省糖果”任务,我们评估了孩子们为更遥远的未来时间点节省一定数量资源的能力,而不一定会获得更大的未来奖励。孩子们还被分配了两个延迟满足的任务,以确定这些任务是否与储蓄有关。在控制了月龄和语言能力后,两项储蓄任务的表现显著相关(r = 0.25, p = 0.041),这一发现表明早期储蓄行为存在一定的一致性。然而,我们发现储蓄和延迟满足之间没有显著的联系。一系列的回归分析表明,通过三个不同的任务来衡量的情景性未来思维并不能预测储蓄。我们的讨论集中在为什么思考未来的能力可能无法预测早期发展中的储蓄,并为该领域的未来研究提出了可行的途径。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Young Children’s Saving and Their Episodic Future Thinking
ABSTRACT Children’s ability to save emerges during the preschool years, but little is known about the different forms saving takes (and whether these relate) and the mechanisms driving its development. Because research with adults suggests that different aspects of future orientation increase adults’ propensity to save, we explored whether, in a sample of 71 3- to 5-year-olds tested in a university laboratory in Ottawa, Canada, the ability to mentally pre-experience the future (or “episodic future thinking”) predicted saving in two different contexts. In the first, using a “Saving marbles” task, we assessed children’s capacity to save for a larger reward in the near future. In the second, using a newly developed “Saving candies” task, we assessed children’s capacity to save a certain amount of resource for a more remote future time point, without necessarily reaping a larger future reward. Children were also given two delay of gratification tasks to determine whether these related to saving. Performance on both saving tasks was significantly related after controlling for age in months and verbal ability (r = .25, p = .041), a finding that suggests some coherence in early saving behaviors. However, we detected no significant associations between saving and delay of gratification. A series of regression analyses showed that episodic future thinking, as measured by three different tasks, did not predict saving. Our discussion focuses on why the capacity to think about the future may not predict saving in early development, and suggests viable avenues for future research in this area.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
0.00%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Journal of Cognition and Development is the official journal of the Cognitive Development Society (CDS). Some CDS members are concerned with basic research or theory; others focus on policy issues and practical applications. The range of interests includes cognitive development during all stages of life, and we seek to understand ontogenetic processes in both humans and nonhumans. Finally, their interests encompass typical as well as atypical development, and we attempt to characterize both biological and cultural influences on cognitive change and continuity.
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