青少年也有积极的风险

IF 5.7 1区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL
Natasha Duell , Laurence Steinberg
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引用次数: 20

摘要

与青少年时期某些风险行为相关的有害后果使一种观点长期存在,即青少年时期的冒险行为本质上是不适应的,需要预防。事实并非如此。从最广泛的意义上讲,冒险是指从事一种行为,这种行为的理想或不理想结果的概率不确定。一种风险被认为是积极的还是消极的取决于各种因素,其中许多因素是由文化定义的,包括风险的发展益处、潜在危害和社会可接受性。虽然青少年有许多负面风险,如滥用药物和犯罪,但青少年也有积极风险。进化理论指出了冒险对青少年发展的重要性。为了培养一种认同感,建立自主性,磨练新技能,并利用令人兴奋的机会,人们需要愿意尝试他们可能不喜欢或可能失败的事情。这需要对风险的容忍度。尽管研究者们对积极的冒险行为进行了几十年的推测,但在发展文献中,关于积极冒险行为的实证研究相对较少。社会在大众媒体上看到了许多青少年积极冒险的例子,比如青少年活动家、奥运会奖牌获得者和年轻的发明家。然而,人们对青少年积极冒险的动机知之甚少。为此,本文回顾了各个领域关于积极冒险的文献,总结了现有的积极冒险理论,从实证结果中确定了目前对积极冒险的了解,并确定了未来研究的剩余问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Adolescents take positive risks, too

The detrimental outcomes associated with certain risk behaviors during adolescence has perpetuated a narrative that risk taking during adolescence is inherently maladaptive and warrants prevention. This is not the case. In the broadest sense, risk taking is engaging in a behavior with uncertain probabilities of desirable or undesirable outcomes. Whether a risk is considered positive or negative depends on various factors, many of which are culturally defined, including the developmental benefits of the risk, the potential for harm, and social acceptability. Although adolescents take many negative risks, such as substance use and delinquency, adolescents take positive risks, too. Evolutionary theories have pointed to the importance of risk taking for adolescent development. In order to develop a sense of identity, establish autonomy, hone new skills, and take advantage of exciting opportunities, people need to have a willingness to try things they may not like or at which they may fail. This requires a tolerance of risk. Although researchers have speculated about positive risk taking for decades, empirical work on positive risk taking is relatively sparse in the developmental literature. Society has seen many examples of adolescent positive risk taking in the popular media through teen activists, Olympic medalists, and young inventors. Yet, little is understood about what motivates adolescents to take positive risks. To this end, the present paper reviews the literature on positive risk taking from various fields, summarizes existing theories of positive risk taking, identifies what is currently known about positive risk taking from empirical findings, and identifies remaining questions for future research.

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来源期刊
Developmental Review
Developmental Review PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
11.00
自引率
3.00%
发文量
27
审稿时长
51 days
期刊介绍: Presenting research that bears on important conceptual issues in developmental psychology, Developmental Review: Perspectives in Behavior and Cognition provides child and developmental, child clinical, and educational psychologists with authoritative articles that reflect current thinking and cover significant scientific developments. The journal emphasizes human developmental processes and gives particular attention to issues relevant to child developmental psychology. The research concerns issues with important implications for the fields of pediatrics, psychiatry, and education, and increases the understanding of socialization processes.
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