{"title":"用于同时测量温度和折射率的聚合物低语通道模式传感器","authors":"Huda Zain , Khurram Qureshi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172684","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator for simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature. A single PMMA resonator coupled with a silica waveguide was used to build the sensor and offered multimodal WGM resonance. The coupling gaps and coupling states for the resonator’s modes, along with their minimum transmission/extinction ratios (ER), were investigated. Heatmap barcodes combined with cross-correlation analysis provided insights into the sensor’s performance for single measurands. Lastly, the sensor was analyzed as a dual-analyte sensor. The refractive index sensitivity reached 86 nm/RIU and 60 nm/RIU for the two modes. The temperature responses were 0.131 nm/<span><math><msup><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C and 0.122 nm/<span><math><msup><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C. The characteristic matrix demonstrates the sensor’s potential for simultaneous temperature and refractive index sensing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 172684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Polymer whispering gallery mode sensor for simultaneous measurements of temperature and refractive index\",\"authors\":\"Huda Zain , Khurram Qureshi\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ijleo.2026.172684\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>This work presents a Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator for simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature. A single PMMA resonator coupled with a silica waveguide was used to build the sensor and offered multimodal WGM resonance. The coupling gaps and coupling states for the resonator’s modes, along with their minimum transmission/extinction ratios (ER), were investigated. Heatmap barcodes combined with cross-correlation analysis provided insights into the sensor’s performance for single measurands. Lastly, the sensor was analyzed as a dual-analyte sensor. The refractive index sensitivity reached 86 nm/RIU and 60 nm/RIU for the two modes. The temperature responses were 0.131 nm/<span><math><msup><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C and 0.122 nm/<span><math><msup><mspace></mspace><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>C. The characteristic matrix demonstrates the sensor’s potential for simultaneous temperature and refractive index sensing.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19513,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Optik\",\"volume\":\"348 \",\"pages\":\"Article 172684\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2026-05-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Optik\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"101\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402626000203\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"物理与天体物理\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2026/2/3 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"Engineering\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Optik","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0030402626000203","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2026/2/3 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Engineering","Score":null,"Total":0}
Polymer whispering gallery mode sensor for simultaneous measurements of temperature and refractive index
This work presents a Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator for simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature. A single PMMA resonator coupled with a silica waveguide was used to build the sensor and offered multimodal WGM resonance. The coupling gaps and coupling states for the resonator’s modes, along with their minimum transmission/extinction ratios (ER), were investigated. Heatmap barcodes combined with cross-correlation analysis provided insights into the sensor’s performance for single measurands. Lastly, the sensor was analyzed as a dual-analyte sensor. The refractive index sensitivity reached 86 nm/RIU and 60 nm/RIU for the two modes. The temperature responses were 0.131 nm/C and 0.122 nm/C. The characteristic matrix demonstrates the sensor’s potential for simultaneous temperature and refractive index sensing.
期刊介绍:
Optik publishes articles on all subjects related to light and electron optics and offers a survey on the state of research and technical development within the following fields:
Optics:
-Optics design, geometrical and beam optics, wave optics-
Optical and micro-optical components, diffractive optics, devices and systems-
Photoelectric and optoelectronic devices-
Optical properties of materials, nonlinear optics, wave propagation and transmission in homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials-
Information optics, image formation and processing, holographic techniques, microscopes and spectrometer techniques, and image analysis-
Optical testing and measuring techniques-
Optical communication and computing-
Physiological optics-
As well as other related topics.