理解军事航空维修中的人为错误：性能塑造因素、认知负荷和错误导向的作用

IF 11 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL

Reliability Engineering & System Safety Pub Date : 2026-09-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI:10.1016/j.ress.2026.112337

M. Omair Nawaz , M. Qamar Zia , Taimur Ali Shams

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引用次数: 0

摘要

人为错误仍然是航空维修可靠性和安全风险的主要来源，特别是在任务复杂性和操作压力不可避免的军事行动中。尽管技术可靠性不断提高，但工作条件和认知需求转化为维护错误的机制仍然没有得到充分的理解。特别是，系统因素、认知负荷和个体差异的综合影响得到了有限的实证关注。本研究以认知工作量为中介机制，错误取向为调节因素，考察了性能塑造因素对军事航空维修中人为失误的影响。采用结构方程模型对282名军用航空维修人员的调查数据进行分析。结果表明，不良的psf显著增加了认知负荷和维持错误的可能性。认知负荷在一定程度上介导了这一关系，表明心理需求的增加是不利系统条件降低维护可靠性的关键途径。错误取向调节了直接效应和间接效应。EO较低的员工更容易出现与工作负荷相关的错误。这些发现通过解释维护错误最有可能发生的时间和原因，扩展了人类可靠性分析。研究结果支持综合安全管理策略，将系统设计改进、工作量控制和有针对性的人员发展相结合，以提高高风险航空维修环境中的可靠性。

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Understanding human error in military aviation maintenance: The role of Performance shaping factors, cognitive workload and error orientation

Human error remains a major source of reliability and safety risk in aviation maintenance, particularly in military operations where task complexity and operational pressure are unavoidable. Despite continued advancements in technical reliability, the mechanisms through which working conditions and cognitive demands translate into maintenance error, remain insufficiently understood. In particular, the combined influence of systemic factors, cognitive workload, and individual differences has received limited empirical attention. This study examines the effect of Performance Shaping Factors (PSFs) on human error in military aviation maintenance, considering cognitive workload as a mediating mechanism and Error Orientation (EO) as a moderating factor.

Survey data from 282 military aviation maintenance personnel were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results show that adverse PSFs significantly increase both cognitive workload and the likelihood of maintenance error. Cognitive workload partially mediates this relationship, indicating that increased mental demand is a key pathway through which unfavorable system conditions degrade maintenance reliability. Error Orientation moderates both direct and indirect effects. Personnel with lower EO are more susceptible to workload-related error.

These findings extend human reliability analysis by explaining when and why maintenance errors are most likely to occur. The results support integrated safety management strategies that combine system design improvements, workload control, and targeted personnel development to enhance reliability in high-risk aviation maintenance environments.

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来源期刊

Reliability Engineering & System Safety 管理科学-工程：工业

CiteScore

15.20

自引率

39.50%

发文量

621

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： Elsevier publishes Reliability Engineering & System Safety in association with the European Safety and Reliability Association and the Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Division. The international journal is devoted to developing and applying methods to enhance the safety and reliability of complex technological systems, like nuclear power plants, chemical plants, hazardous waste facilities, space systems, offshore and maritime systems, transportation systems, constructed infrastructure, and manufacturing plants. The journal normally publishes only articles that involve the analysis of substantive problems related to the reliability of complex systems or present techniques and/or theoretical results that have a discernable relationship to the solution of such problems. An important aim is to balance academic material and practical applications.