Victor Hugo da Silva, Yasmine R Martins, Pedro A S O Neto, Joana Portolese, Fátima R Fernandes, Carlos Takeuchi, Fernanda O A Lima, Marcilia L Martyn, Katerina Lukasova, Edson Amaro
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Children received ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) by trained psychologists and those above 25 points underwent consultations with a pediatric neurologist to establish a clinical diagnosis according to DSM-5 criteria. Children were assigned to three groups: TD (typical development), ASD (autism spectrum) and nTD (impaired development without ASD). The groups were compared regarding the mean gaze time and proportion of transition betweene Areas of Interest (AOIs) on face to target and face to distractor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASD group spend less time looking to the Face and Target AOIs than other groups (F [3.73, 765.98] = 2.49, p = .04, η<sup>2</sup>G = 0.01) and made less transitions (F [2, 411] = 4.33, p < .01, η<sup>2</sup>G = 0.01). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve of the overall mean gaze was 0.65.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study could identify neurodevelopmental alterations of ASD in a large sample of typically developing children. Considering the screening and diagnosis in ASD children before the age of 3 years old, eye tracking offers an important add-on alternative for early identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15148,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Eye Tracking Screening for ASD in Nursery: Is Early Diagnosis Possible? A Large-scale Real-life Experiment.\",\"authors\":\"Victor Hugo da Silva, Yasmine R Martins, Pedro A S O Neto, Joana Portolese, Fátima R Fernandes, Carlos Takeuchi, Fernanda O A Lima, Marcilia L Martyn, Katerina Lukasova, Edson Amaro\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10803-025-07048-8\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The goal of this study was to evaluate eye-tracking screening for ASD among 585 typically developing toddlers 7 to 48 months of age in vulnerable districts of São Paulo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eye-tracking assessment was done with children in the participating community nurseries on Joint Attention, composed of the Initiation Joint Attention (IJA) and Responding to Joint Attention (RJA). All parents responded to the questionnaire on the educational level and socioeconomic family status (SES). Children received ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) by trained psychologists and those above 25 points underwent consultations with a pediatric neurologist to establish a clinical diagnosis according to DSM-5 criteria. Children were assigned to three groups: TD (typical development), ASD (autism spectrum) and nTD (impaired development without ASD). The groups were compared regarding the mean gaze time and proportion of transition betweene Areas of Interest (AOIs) on face to target and face to distractor.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ASD group spend less time looking to the Face and Target AOIs than other groups (F [3.73, 765.98] = 2.49, p = .04, η<sup>2</sup>G = 0.01) and made less transitions (F [2, 411] = 4.33, p < .01, η<sup>2</sup>G = 0.01). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve of the overall mean gaze was 0.65.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study could identify neurodevelopmental alterations of ASD in a large sample of typically developing children. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
目的：本研究的目的是评估圣保罗脆弱地区585名7至48个月大的典型发育幼儿的ASD眼动追踪筛查。方法：采用眼动法对参与社区托儿所的儿童进行联合注意评估，包括联合注意启动（IJA）和联合注意响应（RJA）。所有家长都回答了关于教育水平和社会经济家庭地位（SES）的问卷。儿童接受训练有素的心理学家在儿童自闭症评定量表（CARS）上的评分，超过25分的儿童接受儿科神经科医生的咨询，以根据DSM-5标准建立临床诊断。儿童被分为三组：TD（典型发育）、ASD（自闭症谱系）和nTD（无ASD的发育障碍）。比较两组的平均注视时间和面孔对目标和面孔对干扰物的兴趣区（aoi）转换比例。结果：ASD组寻找Face和Target aoi的时间少于其他组(F [3.73, 765.98] = 2.49, p =。04,η2 g = 0.01),减少转换(F (411) = 4.33, p 2 g = 0.01)。总体平均凝视的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线为0.65。结论：本研究可以在大量正常发育的儿童样本中识别ASD的神经发育改变。考虑到3岁前自闭症儿童的筛查和诊断，眼动追踪为早期识别提供了一个重要的补充选择。
Eye Tracking Screening for ASD in Nursery: Is Early Diagnosis Possible? A Large-scale Real-life Experiment.
Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate eye-tracking screening for ASD among 585 typically developing toddlers 7 to 48 months of age in vulnerable districts of São Paulo.
Methods: Eye-tracking assessment was done with children in the participating community nurseries on Joint Attention, composed of the Initiation Joint Attention (IJA) and Responding to Joint Attention (RJA). All parents responded to the questionnaire on the educational level and socioeconomic family status (SES). Children received ratings on the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) by trained psychologists and those above 25 points underwent consultations with a pediatric neurologist to establish a clinical diagnosis according to DSM-5 criteria. Children were assigned to three groups: TD (typical development), ASD (autism spectrum) and nTD (impaired development without ASD). The groups were compared regarding the mean gaze time and proportion of transition betweene Areas of Interest (AOIs) on face to target and face to distractor.
Results: ASD group spend less time looking to the Face and Target AOIs than other groups (F [3.73, 765.98] = 2.49, p = .04, η2G = 0.01) and made less transitions (F [2, 411] = 4.33, p < .01, η2G = 0.01). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve of the overall mean gaze was 0.65.
Conclusion: This study could identify neurodevelopmental alterations of ASD in a large sample of typically developing children. Considering the screening and diagnosis in ASD children before the age of 3 years old, eye tracking offers an important add-on alternative for early identification.
期刊介绍：
The Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders seeks to advance theoretical and applied research as well as examine and evaluate clinical diagnoses and treatments for autism and related disabilities. JADD encourages research submissions on the causes of ASDs and related disorders, including genetic, immunological, and environmental factors; diagnosis and assessment tools (e.g., for early detection as well as behavioral and communications characteristics); and prevention and treatment options. Sample topics include: Social responsiveness in young children with autism Advances in diagnosing and reporting autism Omega-3 fatty acids to treat autism symptoms Parental and child adherence to behavioral and medical treatments for autism Increasing independent task completion by students with autism spectrum disorder Does laughter differ in children with autism? Predicting ASD diagnosis and social impairment in younger siblings of children with autism The effects of psychotropic and nonpsychotropic medication with adolescents and adults with ASD Increasing independence for individuals with ASDs Group interventions to promote social skills in school-aged children with ASDs Standard diagnostic measures for ASDs Substance abuse in adults with autism Differentiating between ADHD and autism symptoms Social competence and social skills training and interventions for children with ASDs Therapeutic horseback riding and social functioning in children with autism Authors and readers of the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders include sch olars, researchers, professionals, policy makers, and graduate students from a broad range of cross-disciplines, including developmental, clinical child, and school psychology; pediatrics; psychiatry; education; social work and counseling; speech, communication, and physical therapy; medicine and neuroscience; and public health.
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