Environmentally friendly SLPME of propineb and mancozeb from tomato and rice

In this study, a new, eco-friendly, and easy-to-use solid-liquid phase microextraction (SPLME) method was developed for propineb (PB) and mancozeb (MB), enabling the differentiation between them and their determination using Flow Injection Analysis coupled with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FIA-FAAS). The extraction and determination of these dithiocarbamates were optimized from food samples, with 400 µL of 1.00 × 10⁻² mol L⁻¹ EDTA solution in 0.04 mol L⁻¹ BR buffer at pH 9.50 as the extractor solvent, which is environmentally friendly. This proposed methodology enabled the determination of the MB and PB with detection limits below the residue maximum limit established by regulatory agencies, selectivity between them, and precision and accuracy. Additionally, PB and MB were extracted from tomato and rice samples employing the optimized SPLME conditions, which yielded good recoveries. The obtained concentrations were compared with those obtained through microextraction of total dithiocarbamates, as determined by the colorimetric method for dithiocarbamates, and analyzed using Student's t-test at a 95 % confidence level, revealing no significant difference. Moreover, the greenness metrics (e.g., BAGI, AGREEprep, and ComplexMoGAPI) were utilized in the evaluation of SPLME coupled with FIA-FAAS. Therefore, this method is an eco-friendly and easy operation for extracting PB and MB.