Dietary inflammatory index and blood inflammatory markers in relation to dyslipidemia: A cross-sectional NHANES study (2009-2018).

Background and objectives: The presence and accumulation of inflammation may exacerbate the develop-ment of dyslipidemia. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between blood inflammatory markers and the dietary inflammatory index (DII) in American adults as well as their association with dyslipidemia.

Methods and study design: This cross-sectional study included participants with complete data on lipid levels, dietary intake, and blood inflammatory markers. The associations between dyslipidemia and two sets of exposures-blood inflammatory markers and the DII-were analysed using weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.

Results: Among the 9,441 participants (2009-2018), 6,689 (70.9%) had dyslipidemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed that higher DII quartiles were significantly associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia, with the fourth quartile exhibiting an odds ratio of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.10-1.62; p < 0.001). Furthermore, DII combined with various blood inflammatory markers was consistently associated with an increased dyslipidemia risk (all OR > 1.0, all p < 0.05). A non-linear relationship was observed between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and dyslipidemia risk, which became significant when the SII exceeded 434.65.

Conclusions: DII and blood inflammation markers showed a positive association with dyslipidemia. Nonetheless, these findings still offer valuable insights to public health policymakers for developing evidence-based strategies to prevent dyslipidemia and potentially reduce inflammation-associated dyslipidemia risk.