Ihsan ud Din, Xiyu Tan, Xiaoying Zhang, Yihang Chen, Qihua Liang, Arif Ali Khattak, Muhammad Afzal, Zhiyuan Tan
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In vivo trials demonstrated infection reductions of 63.39% (Ag Nps) and 52.76% (Zn NPs), comparable to conventional pesticides. NPs enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, thereby reducing ROS accumulation. Soil analysis indicated treatment-specific heavy metal dynamics: Zn NPs elevated Zn and Al levels. Microbial communities shifted under NP exposure; <i>Flavisolibacter, Sphingomonas,</i> and <i>Candidatus Koribacter</i> abundances varied significantly, distinguishing NP treatments from pesticides. Metabolomic profiling highlighted Ag Nps -induced upregulation of fatty acid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting targeted metabolic responses. While both NPs effectively suppressed BLB, Ag Nps showed superior antimicrobial performance, whereas Zn NPs influenced soil nutrient profiles. These findings underscore the potential of green-synthesized NPs as sustainable alternatives for BLB management, balancing disease control with minimal adverse effects on plant physiology and soil ecosystems. Further research is warranted to optimize NP dosages and assess long-term impacts on soil health.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\n<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00849-0","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Citrus-extract synthesized Zn/Ag nanoparticles for sustainable management of rice bacterial leaf blight and soil health\",\"authors\":\"Ihsan ud Din, Xiyu Tan, Xiaoying Zhang, Yihang Chen, Qihua Liang, Arif Ali Khattak, Muhammad Afzal, Zhiyuan Tan\",\"doi\":\"10.1186/s40538-025-00849-0\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, poses significant threats to global crop productivity. To develop eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, this study synthesized zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using <i>Citrus maxima</i> and <i>Citrus sinensis</i> extracts. NPs were characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy (peaks at 349 nm and 441 nm), FT-IR (identifying capping agents), and electron microscopy (spherical NPs, 8–56 nm). Antimicrobial assays revealed potent activity against Xoo, with Ag Nps exhibiting larger inhibition zones (31.32 mm) than ZnO NPs (19.31 mm). In vivo trials demonstrated infection reductions of 63.39% (Ag Nps) and 52.76% (Zn NPs), comparable to conventional pesticides. NPs enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, thereby reducing ROS accumulation. Soil analysis indicated treatment-specific heavy metal dynamics: Zn NPs elevated Zn and Al levels. Microbial communities shifted under NP exposure; <i>Flavisolibacter, Sphingomonas,</i> and <i>Candidatus Koribacter</i> abundances varied significantly, distinguishing NP treatments from pesticides. Metabolomic profiling highlighted Ag Nps -induced upregulation of fatty acid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting targeted metabolic responses. While both NPs effectively suppressed BLB, Ag Nps showed superior antimicrobial performance, whereas Zn NPs influenced soil nutrient profiles. These findings underscore the potential of green-synthesized NPs as sustainable alternatives for BLB management, balancing disease control with minimal adverse effects on plant physiology and soil ecosystems. 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Citrus-extract synthesized Zn/Ag nanoparticles for sustainable management of rice bacterial leaf blight and soil health
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causative agent of bacterial leaf blight (BLB) in rice, poses significant threats to global crop productivity. To develop eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticides, this study synthesized zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) using Citrus maxima and Citrus sinensis extracts. NPs were characterized via UV–vis spectroscopy (peaks at 349 nm and 441 nm), FT-IR (identifying capping agents), and electron microscopy (spherical NPs, 8–56 nm). Antimicrobial assays revealed potent activity against Xoo, with Ag Nps exhibiting larger inhibition zones (31.32 mm) than ZnO NPs (19.31 mm). In vivo trials demonstrated infection reductions of 63.39% (Ag Nps) and 52.76% (Zn NPs), comparable to conventional pesticides. NPs enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, thereby reducing ROS accumulation. Soil analysis indicated treatment-specific heavy metal dynamics: Zn NPs elevated Zn and Al levels. Microbial communities shifted under NP exposure; Flavisolibacter, Sphingomonas, and Candidatus Koribacter abundances varied significantly, distinguishing NP treatments from pesticides. Metabolomic profiling highlighted Ag Nps -induced upregulation of fatty acid and monoterpenoid biosynthesis pathways, suggesting targeted metabolic responses. While both NPs effectively suppressed BLB, Ag Nps showed superior antimicrobial performance, whereas Zn NPs influenced soil nutrient profiles. These findings underscore the potential of green-synthesized NPs as sustainable alternatives for BLB management, balancing disease control with minimal adverse effects on plant physiology and soil ecosystems. Further research is warranted to optimize NP dosages and assess long-term impacts on soil health.
期刊介绍：
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is an international, interdisciplinary, peer-reviewed forum for the advancement and application to all fields of agriculture of modern chemical, biochemical and molecular technologies. The scope of this journal includes chemical and biochemical processes aimed to increase sustainable agricultural and food production, the evaluation of quality and origin of raw primary products and their transformation into foods and chemicals, as well as environmental monitoring and remediation. Of special interest are the effects of chemical and biochemical technologies, also at the nano and supramolecular scale, on the relationships between soil, plants, microorganisms and their environment, with the help of modern bioinformatics. Another special focus is the use of modern bioorganic and biological chemistry to develop new technologies for plant nutrition and bio-stimulation, advancement of biorefineries from biomasses, safe and traceable food products, carbon storage in soil and plants and restoration of contaminated soils to agriculture.
This journal presents the first opportunity to bring together researchers from a wide number of disciplines within the agricultural chemical and biological sciences, from both industry and academia. The principle aim of Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture is to allow the exchange of the most advanced chemical and biochemical knowledge to develop technologies which address one of the most pressing challenges of our times - sustaining a growing world population.
Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture publishes original research articles, short letters and invited reviews. Articles from scientists in industry, academia as well as private research institutes, non-governmental and environmental organizations are encouraged.
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