ABC's active ingredients: Parent coaches' in vivo feedback predicts maternal sensitivity among low-income predominantly Latina mothers.

Based on principles of implementation science and precision home visiting, this study tested parent coaches' in vivo feedback as a predictor of sensitive parenting behaviors in 91 low-income mothers of infants (infant M_age = 12.73 months, SD = 4.17). All participants lived in the United States. Most (87%) of the mothers identified as Latina. All participants had received Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC), an evidence-based program consisting of 10 home visits provided by a trained parent coach. The ABC program's principal fidelity criterion is a specific type of in vivo (real-time) feedback termed "in-the-moment" (ITM) commenting. OLS regressions revealed that quantity, quality, and behavioral targets of the ABC parent coaches' ITM comments predicted objectively rated post-intervention maternal sensitivity in two contexts, semi-structured play and mild stress. Findings are discussed in terms of their role in illuminating (a) ABC program impacts and (b) considerations for program implementation and dissemination.