保护瘤胃蛋氨酸和富含ω -3的钙盐联合添加优化奶牛早期泌乳性能

IF 4.4 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
T L France, K S Juarez-Leon, A Javaid, M G Vogellus, D C Reyes, J W McFadden
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过渡期内补充保护瘤胃蛋氨酸(RP-Met)可改善奶牛DMI,提高产奶量。众所周知,Omega-3脂肪酸(FA),特别是二十碳五烯酸(EPA; C20:5)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA; C22:6),可以增强非反刍动物的免疫功能,但它们对奶牛的影响尚不明确。本试验旨在研究RP-Met和富含EPA和DHA的FA钙盐(CS)对围产期荷斯坦奶牛泌乳性能的联合影响。试验选用79头产牛,采用完全随机区组设计,从产犊前3周(-21±3 d)至产犊后3周,从4个饲粮处理中选择1个处理,每个处理n = 18 ~ 19头,分别为:(1)不添加RP-Met和不添加n- 3fa的CS (-Met/-n3FA, CS含56.0%饱和FA、35.2%油酸和8.10%亚油酸),(2)不添加n- 3fa的RP-Met和CS (+Met/-n3FA),(3)添加n- 3fa的CS不添加RP-Met (-Met/+n3FA),(3)添加n- 3fa的CS不添加RP-Met (-Met/+n3FA)。CS含有64.5%的SFA、25.4%的油酸、5.10%的亚油酸、0.60%的亚麻酸、2.60%的EPA和1.40%的DHA,或4)RP-Met和富含n-3 FA (+Met/+n3FA)的CS。所有奶牛在产前和产后分别饲喂玉米青贮TMR。饲粮的ME /Mcal≤0.96 g (-Met)或≥1.13 g Met/Mcal (+Met)。在所有日粮中,钙盐占日粮DM的1.5%。预处理DMI、BW和BCS不受治疗影响。处理(补充蛋氨酸和n- 3fa)的主要作用是增加产后DMI、蛋氨酸(+蛋氨酸和-蛋氨酸饲粮分别为25.2和20.1 g/d蛋氨酸,59.9和35.9 g/d蛋氨酸)和n- 3fa摄入量(+n3FA和-n3FA饲粮分别为1.36和0 g/d EPA和DHA,产后6.61和0 g/d EPA和DHA)。与只添加RP-Met或只添加n-3 FA相比,共添加饲粮可提高泌乳率、FCM产量、乳脂和真蛋白产量,并有提高产奶量的趋势。奶牛在产犊时,共添加富含n-3 FA的RP-Met和CS,其血浆葡萄糖浓度略高,血浆甘油三酯浓度较低,泌乳期间血浆总氨基酸和非必需氨基酸浓度降低。营养特异性反应包括:饲粮中添加+Met的奶牛血浆Met增加,乳糖含量和产量增加,饲粮中添加n-3 FA的奶牛n-3 FA和PUFA含量和产量增加。当奶牛饲喂蛋氨酸、EPA和DHA时,共补充的加性效应表明可能存在协同效应。尽管潜在的机制尚未完全阐明,但所观察到的改善可能与乳腺新生FA合成增强、AA利用改变和肝脏糖异生增加有关,共同支持早期泌乳奶牛代谢功能和泌乳性能的改善。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Optimizing early lactation performance in dairy cows through co-supplementation of rumen-protected methionine and omega-3-enriched calcium salts.

Supplementing rumen-protected Met (RP-Met) during the transition period has been shown to improve DMI and increase milk production in dairy cows. Omega-3 fatty acids (FA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6), are known to support immune function in nonruminants, but their effects in dairy cows remain less defined. We aimed to investigate the combined effects of RP-Met and calcium salts (CS) of FA enriched with EPA and DHA on lactation performance in periparturient Holstein cows. Seventy-nine multiparous cows were enrolled in a randomized complete block design and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (n = 18 to 19 per treatment) from 3 wk before (-21 ± 3 d) to 3 wk after calving as follows: (1) no RP-Met and CS without n-3 FA (-Met/-n3FA; CS contained 56.0% saturated FA, 35.2% oleic acid, and 8.10% linoleic acid), (2) RP-Met with CS without n-3 FA (+Met/-n3FA), (3) no RP-Met with CS enriched in n-3 FA (-Met/+n3FA; CS contained 64.5% SFA, 25.4% oleic acid, 5.10% linoleic acid, 0.60% linolenic acid, 2.60% EPA and 1.40% DHA), or 4) RP-Met and CS enriched in n-3 FA (+Met/+n3FA). All cows were fed a corn silage-based TMR pre- and postpartum. Diets were formulated to provide either ≤0.96 g Met/Mcal of ME (-Met) or ≥1.13 g Met/Mcal of ME (+Met). Calcium salts were included at 1.5% of dietary DM across all diets. Prepartum DMI, BW, and BCS were unaffected by treatment. The main effect of treatment (supplemental Met and n-3 FA) increased postpartum DMI, Met (25.2 vs. 20.1 g/d Met prepartum and 59.9 vs. 35.9 g/d Met postpartum for +Met and -Met diets, respectively) and n-3 FA intakes (1.36 vs. 0 g/d EPA and DHA prepartum and 6.61 vs. 0 g/d EPA and DHA postpartum for +n3FA and -n3FA diets, respectively). Co-supplementation increased ECM, and FCM yields, and milk fat and true protein yields, and tended to increase milk yield, relative to diets containing only RP-Met or only n-3 FA. Cows co-supplemented with RP-Met and CS enriched in n-3 FA had marginally higher plasma glucose and lower plasma triglyceride concentrations at calving, and reduced plasma total and nonessential AA concentrations during lactation. Nutrient-specific responses included increased plasma Met in cows fed +Met diets and elevated milk lactose contents and yields, along with higher n-3 FA and PUFA contents and yields in cows fed CS enriched in n-3 FA. The additive effects of co-supplementation suggest potential synergy when cows are fed Met, EPA, and DHA. Although the underlying mechanisms were not fully elucidated, the observed improvements may be linked to enhanced mammary de novo FA synthesis, altered AA utilization, and increased hepatic gluconeogenesis, collectively supporting improved metabolic function and lactation performance in early lactation dairy cows.

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来源期刊
Journal of Dairy Science
Journal of Dairy Science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学
CiteScore
7.90
自引率
17.10%
发文量
784
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: The official journal of the American Dairy Science Association®, Journal of Dairy Science® (JDS) is the leading peer-reviewed general dairy research journal in the world. JDS readers represent education, industry, and government agencies in more than 70 countries with interests in biochemistry, breeding, economics, engineering, environment, food science, genetics, microbiology, nutrition, pathology, physiology, processing, public health, quality assurance, and sanitation.
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