{"title":"成人ADHD和认知脱离综合征的流行病学和认知功能。","authors":"Leila Kamran, Seyed Mousa Golestaneh","doi":"10.1177/00315125251370101","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A substantial proportion of individuals with ADHD also exhibit symptoms of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), which may further impair executive functions.PurposeThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbid ADHD and CDS (ADHD+) among adults in Bushehr, Iran, and to compare executive functioning between students with ADHD+ and healthy controls. Gender-based prevalence patterns were also explored.MethodsA total of 690 university students were screened using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV). ADHD and CDS diagnoses were confirmed via structured clinical interviews. From this sample, 43 adults with comorbid ADHD+CDS and 53 matched healthy controls completed three standardized executive function tasks: the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Tower of London Test (TOL).ResultsThe prevalence of comorbid ADHD and CDS (ADHD+) was 25.15% across the total sample (N = 690), whereas 41.3% of those diagnosed with ADHD also met criteria for CDS; however MANOVA revealed significant group differences across ADHD symptom domains based on CDS comorbidity (Wilk's λ = .48, F = 184.21, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .52). Significant effects were observed for attentional problems (F = 103.12, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .13), overall ADHD symptoms (F = 65.26, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .09), and combined ADHD + scores (F = 259.43, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .27). Smaller effects were found for hyperactivity and impulsivity (η<sup>2</sup> = .01).ConclusionsStudents with ADHD and comorbid CDS exhibit specific cognitive deficits, particularly in planning and attentional control, that should be considered in designing cognitive rehabilitation programs. These findings may inform culturally appropriate intervention strategies in Iran, such as cognitive rehabilitation programs targeting attentional control and planning deficits among university students with ADHD+CDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":19869,"journal":{"name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","volume":" ","pages":"315125251370101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Epidemiology and Cognitive Function in Adults with ADHD and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome.\",\"authors\":\"Leila Kamran, Seyed Mousa Golestaneh\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/00315125251370101\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A substantial proportion of individuals with ADHD also exhibit symptoms of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), which may further impair executive functions.PurposeThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbid ADHD and CDS (ADHD+) among adults in Bushehr, Iran, and to compare executive functioning between students with ADHD+ and healthy controls. Gender-based prevalence patterns were also explored.MethodsA total of 690 university students were screened using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV). ADHD and CDS diagnoses were confirmed via structured clinical interviews. From this sample, 43 adults with comorbid ADHD+CDS and 53 matched healthy controls completed three standardized executive function tasks: the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Tower of London Test (TOL).ResultsThe prevalence of comorbid ADHD and CDS (ADHD+) was 25.15% across the total sample (N = 690), whereas 41.3% of those diagnosed with ADHD also met criteria for CDS; however MANOVA revealed significant group differences across ADHD symptom domains based on CDS comorbidity (Wilk's λ = .48, F = 184.21, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .52). Significant effects were observed for attentional problems (F = 103.12, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .13), overall ADHD symptoms (F = 65.26, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .09), and combined ADHD + scores (F = 259.43, p < .001, η<sup>2</sup> = .27). Smaller effects were found for hyperactivity and impulsivity (η<sup>2</sup> = .01).ConclusionsStudents with ADHD and comorbid CDS exhibit specific cognitive deficits, particularly in planning and attentional control, that should be considered in designing cognitive rehabilitation programs. These findings may inform culturally appropriate intervention strategies in Iran, such as cognitive rehabilitation programs targeting attentional control and planning deficits among university students with ADHD+CDS.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":19869,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Perceptual and Motor Skills\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"315125251370101\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Perceptual and Motor Skills\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251370101\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125251370101","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的特征是注意力不集中、多动和冲动。相当一部分患有多动症的人还表现出认知脱离综合症（CDS）的症状，这可能进一步损害执行功能。目的本研究旨在调查伊朗Bushehr地区成人ADHD和CDS （ADHD+）的患病率，并比较ADHD+学生和健康对照的执行功能。还探讨了基于性别的流行模式。方法采用Barkley成人ADHD评定量表- iv （BAARS-IV）对690名大学生进行筛查。ADHD和CDS的诊断通过结构化的临床访谈得到证实。从该样本中，43名患有ADHD+CDS的成年人和53名匹配的健康对照者完成了三个标准化的执行功能任务：Stroop颜色-单词测试（SCWT）、威斯康星卡片分类测试（WCST）和伦敦塔测试（TOL）。结果ADHD和CDS共病（ADHD+）的患病率在总样本中为25.15% (N = 690)，而被诊断为ADHD的患者中有41.3%也符合CDS的标准；然而，方差分析显示，基于CDS共病的ADHD症状域的组间差异显著（Wilk’s λ = .48, F = 184.21, p < .001, η2 = .52）。注意问题（F = 103.12, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.13）、整体ADHD症状（F = 65.26, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.09）和ADHD +综合评分（F = 259.43, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.27）均有显著影响。对多动和冲动的影响较小（η2 = 0.01）。结论ADHD合并CDS的学生表现出特定的认知缺陷，特别是在计划和注意力控制方面，在设计认知康复方案时应考虑到这一点。这些发现可能为伊朗文化上适当的干预策略提供信息，例如针对注意力缺陷多动症+ cd大学生的注意力控制和计划缺陷的认知康复计划。
Epidemiology and Cognitive Function in Adults with ADHD and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome.
BackgroundAttention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. A substantial proportion of individuals with ADHD also exhibit symptoms of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS), which may further impair executive functions.PurposeThis study aimed to examine the prevalence of comorbid ADHD and CDS (ADHD+) among adults in Bushehr, Iran, and to compare executive functioning between students with ADHD+ and healthy controls. Gender-based prevalence patterns were also explored.MethodsA total of 690 university students were screened using the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV). ADHD and CDS diagnoses were confirmed via structured clinical interviews. From this sample, 43 adults with comorbid ADHD+CDS and 53 matched healthy controls completed three standardized executive function tasks: the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and Tower of London Test (TOL).ResultsThe prevalence of comorbid ADHD and CDS (ADHD+) was 25.15% across the total sample (N = 690), whereas 41.3% of those diagnosed with ADHD also met criteria for CDS; however MANOVA revealed significant group differences across ADHD symptom domains based on CDS comorbidity (Wilk's λ = .48, F = 184.21, p < .001, η2 = .52). Significant effects were observed for attentional problems (F = 103.12, p < .001, η2 = .13), overall ADHD symptoms (F = 65.26, p < .001, η2 = .09), and combined ADHD + scores (F = 259.43, p < .001, η2 = .27). Smaller effects were found for hyperactivity and impulsivity (η2 = .01).ConclusionsStudents with ADHD and comorbid CDS exhibit specific cognitive deficits, particularly in planning and attentional control, that should be considered in designing cognitive rehabilitation programs. These findings may inform culturally appropriate intervention strategies in Iran, such as cognitive rehabilitation programs targeting attentional control and planning deficits among university students with ADHD+CDS.
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