Simulation of Electron-Wave Processes in a Stagger-Tuned Millimeter-Wave Gyro-Twystron

A millimeter-wave gyro-twystron operating in the fundamental TE01 mode has been designed and analyzed to achieve a broader bandwidth (BW) for radar applications using the stagger-tuning technique. In addition, the present 3-D beam–wave interaction behaviors of the stagger-tuned gyro-twystron have been validated by making use of a nonlinear numerical code. The design encompasses a double-anode magnetron injection gun (MIG) with ~2% velocity spread, a three-stage depressed collector, and a dielectric metasurface window, which are thoroughly examined for their performance characteristics. The particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation of the current stagger-tuned gyro-twystron projected an RF output power ~300 kW at 35 GHz in the TE₀₁ mode, accompanied by a gain of ~60 dB, an efficiency rating of ~43%, and a BW extending to ~2.8 GHz. Furthermore, by incorporating a multistage depressed collector, modeled and simulated using electron optic code, the overall amplifier efficiency is increased to ~78%.