Convergence of multi-domain hybrid dispersion compensation paradigms for ultra-high-speed optical fiber transmission in spectrally-efficient coherent communication systems

As global data traffic accelerates, the challenge of chromatic dispersion in high-speed long-haul optical fiber systems has become increasingly critical. This study explores advanced hybrid dispersion compensation techniques designed to mitigate dispersion effects and enhance transmission fidelity in 100 Gbps optical networks. A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented using Opti System and MATLAB to analyze the performance of individual and hybrid compensation methods, including Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF), Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG), Electronic Dispersion Compensation (EDC), and Optical Phase Conjugation (OPC). Results indicate that while DCF and FBG offer notable improvements individually, their performance is significantly enhanced when integrated with EDC. The DCF+EDC configuration achieved a Bit Error Rate (BER) of ${10}^{-7}$, while FBG and EDC further reduced BER to 5 ×${10}^{-8}$ The OPC with DCF scheme demonstrated superior performance with BER approaching 1 ×${10}^{-9}$and a corresponding Q-factor of approximately 21 dB. Eye diagram analysis revealed substantial improvements in signal integrity, with minimal inter-symbol interference and restored pulse symmetry. These results confirm the efficacy of hybrid compensation schemes in extending transmission reach, maintaining signal quality, and supporting ultra-high-speed optical communication over long distances.