Fiber electronics for wearable interactive systems

The rapid development of smart materials, flexible electronics, and advanced textile technologies has accelerated the emergence of fiber-based electronic systems. The seamless integration of fiber electronics into textile substrates has given rise to interactive textiles capable of realizing closed-loop “sensing-processing-feedback” functionalities. To achieve such integrated functionalities, interactive textiles typically comprise three essential components: a sensing device for data acquisition, signal processing modules for real-time analysis, and output units for multimodal feedback delivery. This minireview provides a brief overview of the fundamental fiber-shaped electronic devices utilized in interactive textile systems, with an emphasis on fabrication methodologies, functional design strategies, and system-level integration approaches. Representative applications in areas such as interactive displays, virtual and augmented reality, and personalized healthcare are discussed. Finally, key challenges and future directions are outlined to facilitate the realization of intelligent and fully integrated interactive textile systems.