{"title":"揭示神经元死亡机制:细胞因子和趋化因子在阿尔茨海默病进展中免疫失衡的作用","authors":"Sneha Kumari , Rishika Dhapola , Prajjwal Sharma , Mohit Paidlewar , Balachandar Vellingiri , Bikash Medhi , Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy","doi":"10.1016/j.arr.2025.102883","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, with emerging evidence highlighting the critical roles of cytokines and chemokines in its pathogenesis. Regulated cell death is a highly structured and meticulously coordinated series of molecular and signalling processes involving gene expression and protein activity. This mechanism is essential for normal developmental processes and the preservation of tissue homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of inflammatory mediators contributes to or results from amyloid-β and tangle deposition, triggers oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, leads to cell death through multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, PANoptosis, etc. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for neuronal death and dysfunction in AD are not yet fully understood. This review seeks to compile evidence for the various modes of neuronal cell death in AD and to explore how the neuroinflammatory environment of the AD brain influences these distinct forms of cell death. Several inflammatory signalling cascades are involved in above discussed neuronal death mechanisms, such as RAGE<strong>/</strong>NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, cGAS-STING, RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL<strong>,</strong> GPX4/Nrf2 and JAK-STAT pathways. Therapeutic drugs such as Magnolol, Necrostatin-1, Salidroside, Azeliragon, DNL788, Baricitinib, Sargramostim, etc. targeting neuroinflammation-associated signaling pathways, have shown efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies mitigating AD pathology. Enhancing our comprehension of neuronal death mechanisms could elucidate disease pathogenesis, offer insights for therapeutic approaches, and aid in developing modified animal models of AD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55545,"journal":{"name":"Ageing Research Reviews","volume":"112 ","pages":"Article 102883"},"PeriodicalIF":12.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Unravelling neuronal death mechanisms: The role of cytokines and chemokines in immune imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease progression\",\"authors\":\"Sneha Kumari , Rishika Dhapola , Prajjwal Sharma , Mohit Paidlewar , Balachandar Vellingiri , Bikash Medhi , Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.arr.2025.102883\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, with emerging evidence highlighting the critical roles of cytokines and chemokines in its pathogenesis. Regulated cell death is a highly structured and meticulously coordinated series of molecular and signalling processes involving gene expression and protein activity. This mechanism is essential for normal developmental processes and the preservation of tissue homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of inflammatory mediators contributes to or results from amyloid-β and tangle deposition, triggers oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, leads to cell death through multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, PANoptosis, etc. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for neuronal death and dysfunction in AD are not yet fully understood. This review seeks to compile evidence for the various modes of neuronal cell death in AD and to explore how the neuroinflammatory environment of the AD brain influences these distinct forms of cell death. Several inflammatory signalling cascades are involved in above discussed neuronal death mechanisms, such as RAGE<strong>/</strong>NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, cGAS-STING, RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL<strong>,</strong> GPX4/Nrf2 and JAK-STAT pathways. Therapeutic drugs such as Magnolol, Necrostatin-1, Salidroside, Azeliragon, DNL788, Baricitinib, Sargramostim, etc. targeting neuroinflammation-associated signaling pathways, have shown efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies mitigating AD pathology. Enhancing our comprehension of neuronal death mechanisms could elucidate disease pathogenesis, offer insights for therapeutic approaches, and aid in developing modified animal models of AD.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":55545,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Ageing Research Reviews\",\"volume\":\"112 \",\"pages\":\"Article 102883\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":12.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-08-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Ageing Research Reviews\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163725002296\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"CELL BIOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Ageing Research Reviews","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163725002296","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CELL BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Unravelling neuronal death mechanisms: The role of cytokines and chemokines in immune imbalance in Alzheimer’s disease progression
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline, with emerging evidence highlighting the critical roles of cytokines and chemokines in its pathogenesis. Regulated cell death is a highly structured and meticulously coordinated series of molecular and signalling processes involving gene expression and protein activity. This mechanism is essential for normal developmental processes and the preservation of tissue homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of inflammatory mediators contributes to or results from amyloid-β and tangle deposition, triggers oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation, leads to cell death through multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, PANoptosis, etc. The pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for neuronal death and dysfunction in AD are not yet fully understood. This review seeks to compile evidence for the various modes of neuronal cell death in AD and to explore how the neuroinflammatory environment of the AD brain influences these distinct forms of cell death. Several inflammatory signalling cascades are involved in above discussed neuronal death mechanisms, such as RAGE/NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome, AMPK/mTOR/ULK1, cGAS-STING, RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL, GPX4/Nrf2 and JAK-STAT pathways. Therapeutic drugs such as Magnolol, Necrostatin-1, Salidroside, Azeliragon, DNL788, Baricitinib, Sargramostim, etc. targeting neuroinflammation-associated signaling pathways, have shown efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies mitigating AD pathology. Enhancing our comprehension of neuronal death mechanisms could elucidate disease pathogenesis, offer insights for therapeutic approaches, and aid in developing modified animal models of AD.
期刊介绍:
With the rise in average human life expectancy, the impact of ageing and age-related diseases on our society has become increasingly significant. Ageing research is now a focal point for numerous laboratories, encompassing leaders in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, biochemistry, and behavior. Ageing Research Reviews (ARR) serves as a cornerstone in this field, addressing emerging trends.
ARR aims to fill a substantial gap by providing critical reviews and viewpoints on evolving discoveries concerning the mechanisms of ageing and age-related diseases. The rapid progress in understanding the mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival is unveiling new insights into the regulation of ageing. From telomerase to stem cells, and from energy to oxyradical metabolism, we are witnessing an exciting era in the multidisciplinary field of ageing research.
The journal explores the cellular and molecular foundations of interventions that extend lifespan, such as caloric restriction. It identifies the underpinnings of manipulations that extend lifespan, shedding light on novel approaches for preventing age-related diseases. ARR publishes articles on focused topics selected from the expansive field of ageing research, with a particular emphasis on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of the aging process. This includes age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. The journal also covers applications of basic ageing research to lifespan extension and disease prevention, offering a comprehensive platform for advancing our understanding of this critical field.