Hiring People in Organizations: The State and Future of the Science

Here we review recent work in the personnel selection field. We open with two sections, the first focusing on meta-analytic validity research on well-established predictors and the second on new measurement approaches. These include moving from a holistic to a modular view of predictors; from face-to-face to asynchronous video interviews; from resumes to social media assessments; from multiple choice to constructed response; and to artificial intelligence to develop, administer, and score tests, among approaches. We then review developments in estimating validity, including issues in correcting validity estimates for error of measurement and restriction of range. We address technical issues on the topic of fairness and bias, including Pareto optimization, effect size measures for predictive bias, and approaches to algorithmic bias mitigation, and offer insight into addressing the validity-diversity dilemma. We then discuss insights into applicant reactions to selection systems and perspectives of other stakeholders in the selection process.