Functional Genomics and Probiotic Traits of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MB685 from Fermented Broccoli: Gut Health and Metabolic Insights

The current study aimed to isolate and characterize probiotic bacteria with potential health benefits from fermented broccoli. Sixteen bacterial strains were isolated, and two strains (MB685 and MB686) were selected based on their probiotic potential. The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH and temperature variations, and survived well in bile salt concentrations of 0.3% (68%–76%) and 0.5% (61%–71%). MB685 was resistant to gentamicin, ofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, and showed antibacterial activity. Both strains showed significant auto‐aggregation (37%–66 % and 53%–43%), as well as cell surface hydrophobicity (56%–62%). MB685 inhibited pancreatic α‐amylase by 41.3%, suggesting potential anti‐diabetic effects. The 16S rRNA sequencing identified both strains as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Whole‐genome sequencing of MB685 revealed a genome size of 3.38 Mb with 3181 coding sequences, including plantaricin production genes (PlnA and PlnN) and carbohydrate‐active enzymes. No virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes were observed, confirming their safety. L. plantarum MB685 is safe, effective, and has the potential for use as a starter culture and probiotic for gut health benefits.