Selection of Stable Lentil Genotypes for Rainfed Conditions Using Multivariate Methods

In order to assess the stability of 16 lentil genotypes, experiments were carried out across multiple locations (Lorestan, Gachsaran, and Ilam) over two growing seasons (2021–2023), with Mogan evaluated in one season (2021–2022). The results revealed that environment, genotypes, and their interaction significantly influenced multiple traits, including 100-seed weight, plant height, days to flowering, seed yield formation rate, rainwater productivity, and seed yield. Using nominal biplot analysis, Genotypes G1, G2, G7, G15, and G16 were identified as stable in terms of seed yield. Furthermore, the biplot revealed that Genotypes G1, G2, G6, G7, G10, and G12 not only achieved the highest seed yields but also demonstrated remarkable stability in their yield capacity. By analyzing the various yield values and the mean weight stability index, it was determined that the weighted average of absolute scores of best linear unbiased predictions (WAASB) was highest for the stable and productive Genotypes G1, G2, G6, G7, G10, and G12. Additionally, Genotypes G3 and G4 emerged as the top performers according to the multitrait selection index (MTSI). The mean harmonic index and the relative performance of genotypic value for seed yield (HMRPGV) indicated that G2 and G7 are highly stable, productive, and adaptable. Overall, Genotypes G1, G3, G7, G10, and G14 displayed the highest seed yields and favorable agronomic characteristics in comparison to the other genotypes tested, suggesting their potential as new cultivars.