一般实践中空气污染对儿童呼吸道症状的短期影响:时间序列分析

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS
Mata Sabine Fonderson, Evelien R van Meel, Saskia Willers, P J E Bindels, A Burdorf, A Bohnen, S van den Elshout
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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的:研究荷兰鹿特丹地区儿童空气污染物浓度与每日全科医生(GP)呼吸问题问诊之间的关系。设计:时间序列研究。背景:在大鹿特丹的一般做法。患者:参与全科医生登记的0-17岁儿童。暴露:GP地址每日二氧化氮(NO2)、臭氧(O3)、颗粒物(PM2.5)≤2.5µg/m3和颗粒物(PM10)≤10µg/m3浓度。测量的主要结果:每10µg/m3污染物浓度中呼吸道疾病的相对风险,并根据季节性、花粉、星期几和温度进行调整。结果:在2015年至2019年期间,分析了超过10万次咨询。基线每日问诊率为18.12 / 1000人年。儿童最常咨询全科医生的是急性上呼吸道感染(AURIs)(每1000人年4.69次),其次是哮喘(每1000人年3.68次)和咳嗽(每1000人年2.31次)。我们的研究结果表明,在所有呼吸系统疾病(ARD)、AURIs和哮喘的大多数滞后期,暴露于二氧化氮主要与全科医生咨询风险的降低有关。相比之下,暴露于二氧化氮通常与全科医生咳嗽咨询的风险增加有关。相反,在所有滞后期,暴露于臭氧与ARD风险显著增加相关。暴露在PM2.5和PM10中呈现相反的趋势,因ARD就诊的全科医生风险降低,而因auuri、哮喘和咳嗽就诊的风险增加。结论:我们的发现揭示了空气污染影响的一个关键悖论。对于为家庭提供咨询的临床医生来说,这些结果强调,尽管影响很小,但总体空气质量“良好”的日子仍可能构成风险。高氧增加了呼吸系统的总访问量,而颗粒物虽然总体上看起来具有保护作用,但却特别加剧了AURIs、哮喘和咳嗽。总呼吸效应和特定呼吸效应之间的这种差异表明,综合空气质量政策必须考虑污染物的特定影响,而不是假设统一的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory symptoms in general practice: a time-series analysis.

Short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory symptoms in general practice: a time-series analysis.

Short-term effects of air pollution on childhood respiratory symptoms in general practice: a time-series analysis.

Objective: To study the association between air pollutant concentrations and daily general practitioner (GP) consultations for respiratory problems in children in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

Design: A time-series study.

Setting: General practices in greater Rotterdam.

Patients: Children aged 0-17 years registered with participating GPs.

Exposure: Daily nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), particulate matter ≤2.5 µg/m3 (PM2.5) and particulate matter ≤10 µg/m3 (PM10) concentrations at GP addresses.

Main outcomes measured: Relative risk of respiratory consultations per 10 µg/m3 in pollutant concentration, adjusted for seasonality, pollen, day of the week and temperature.

Results: Over 100 000 consultations were analysed between 2015 and 2019. The baseline daily consultation rate was 18.12 per 1000 person-years. Children consulted their GP most frequently for acute upper respiratory infections (AURIs) (4.69 consultations per 1000 person-years), followed by asthma (3.68 consultations per 1000 person-years) and cough (2.31 consultations per 1000 person-years). Our results indicated that exposure to NO2 was predominantly associated with a decreased risk of GP consultations across most lag periods for all respiratory diseases (ARD), AURIs and asthma. In contrast, exposure to NO2 was generally associated with increased risk of GP consultations for cough. Conversely, exposure to O3 was associated with statistically significant increases in risk for ARD across all lag periods. Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 showed opposite trends, with reduced risks in GP consultations for ARD and increased risks in consultations for AURI, asthma and cough.

Conclusions: Our findings expose a critical paradox on the impact of air pollution. For clinicians counselling families, these results emphasise that 'good' overall air quality days may still pose risks, although effects are small. High O3 increases total respiratory visits while particulate matter, though appearing protective overall, specifically exacerbates AURIs, asthma and cough. This divergence between total and specific respiratory effects indicates that comprehensive air quality policies must consider pollutant-specific impacts rather than assuming uniform effects.

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来源期刊
BMJ Paediatrics Open
BMJ Paediatrics Open Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
3.80%
发文量
124
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