Deciphering the Antiaging Effective Components in the Geo-authentic Tibetan Medicine Brassica rapa L. Based on the “Environment–Food–Human” Web

Brassica rapa L., well known as “Tibetan ginseng” and “longevity holy fruit” from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, is of great value for its edible, medicinal, and feeding uses. This study was conducted to reveal the geo-authentic and antiaging features of B. rapa L. from the perspective of the “environment–food–human” web. Combining the meteorological scientific data and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology, the geographical location, climatic factors, and rhizosphere soil composition were found as the main environmental factors affecting the growth of B. rapa L., showing discrepancies in the main active ingredients and antiaging activity on Caenorhabditis elegans. Among them, the contents of phenols in B. rapa L. from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau areas were relatively higher, which significantly extended the healthy lifespan, improved the exercise capacity, and downregulated the expression of senescence markers of C. elegans. Based on UHPLC–MS and network pharmacology analysis, 6-paradol, 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol were found to play crucial roles in the antiaging regulatory network of B. rapa L. (degree > 25). Finally, validation tests showed that 6-shogaol significantly improved the health lifespan of C. elegans by 28.4% and activated the longevity regulating pathway. These findings suggest that B. rapa L. from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau may serve as a potent antiaging source, and 6-shogaol could be a promising candidate for promoting healthy aging.