Coordinated optimization and regulation of rural residential flexible loads and agricultural machinery energy storage batteries considering battery life degradation

With the continuous advancement of agricultural mechanization and rural electrification, idle battery-powered agricultural machinery has been demonstrated significant potential to optimize and regulate rural flexible loads. However, frequent use of battery-powered agricultural machinery can accelerate battery life degradation and increase replacement costs, which may compromise the practical feasibility of such flexible load optimization schemes. Given this, this study systematically investigated the flexible energy consumption characteristics of rural residential buildings based on field survey data from a typical village in Shaanxi Province, China. Both the mathematical model and the battery life degradation model were constructed for flexible energy-consuming equipment. On this basis, an economically oriented optimization and regulation model for rural residential flexible loads was developed, and the model was solved using MATLAB/CPLEX. The results showed that: i) The use of agricultural machinery batteries to assist rural residential energy regulation and storage led to a significant increase in both the number of charge–discharge cycles and electricity storage. An increase in the state of charge ($\mathrm{SOC}$) value fluctuations and frequent entry into overcharge and overdischarge range significantly accelerate battery life degradation, which in turn leads to higher replacement times and significantly higher costs; ii) Under the two scenarios, without time-of-use (TOU) pricing and with TOU pricing, battery life assisted storage decreased the annual revenue of farmer households by 13.2% and increased it by 1.2%, respectively, indicating that their economics are highly sensitive to tariff policies; iii) If battery life degradation was ignored, then in the scenario without TOU pricing, the annual revenue to farmer households will be overestimated to 19.4%, which is a significant deviation from the actual −13.2% result and will result in a misjudgment of the actual feasibility of the project. This further highlighted the necessity of considering battery life degradation in optimizing and regulating energy storage systems.