Construction of the heterogeneous coating model and multi-physics coupling analysis in laser cleaning

Traditional laser cleaning theories often simplify coatings as homogeneous materials, neglecting the impact of microdefects such as particles, pores, and cracks, which leads to significant discrepancies between theoretical analysis and actual results. To thoroughly investigate the physicochemical evolution characteristics of laser irradiation on non-homogeneous coatings and clarify the multi-effect coupling mechanisms at the interface during the cleaning process, this study constructs a multiphysics coupling model for laser cleaning incorporating particles, pits, and cracks, using finite element software. Ray tracing technology is combined to analyze the dynamic evolution of surface micro-mesoscopic heterogeneous features during the laser cleaning process and their regulation of heat transfer and stress distribution. Furthermore, through experimental verification, a multi-modal monitoring platform for laser cleaning (infrared thermal imager, microphone, and high-speed camera) is established to form a “thermal-acoustic-visual” multidimensional data chain for the quantitative characterization of energy transfer distribution and material response intensity. Through the deep coupling of models and experiments, this study reveals the regulatory mechanisms of microdefects on thermal-force coupling cleaning, providing important support for the refinement of laser cleaning fundamental theories and the scientific regulation of process optimization.