Dynamic human reliability analysis using the EMRALD dynamic risk assessment tool

The goal of this study is to propose an approach to dynamic human reliability analysis (HRA). This paper introduces a dynamic HRA methodology called Procedure-based Investigation Method of EMRALD Risk Assessment – HRA (PRIMERA-HRA). This method provides HRA analysts with specific guidelines on how to reasonably model human actions, assign human reliability data, and evaluate the output of simulations within a dynamic probabilistic risk assessment tool called Event Modeling Risk Assessment using Linked Diagrams (EMRALD). Although the EMRALD tool was not originally designed for HRA, it possesses most of the essential functions required for implementing dynamic HRA. In this study, an EMRALD model, including human actions in an extended loss of AC power (ELAP) scenario, was developed using PRIMERA-HRA to assess the feasibility of the approach.