{"title":"考虑平衡依赖机制的多状态k- of-n: F网络系统性能评价","authors":"Hongda Gao , Tengfei Tu , Chen Fang , Xiaoguang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111291","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the balanced system reliability models have attracted a lot of research interests because of its strong application potential, for example in the fields of unmanned systems, energy supply systems, and production systems, etc. Network models exist widely in reality, which gives birth to the research of equilibrium system model under network structure. This study extends the binary-state <em>k</em>-out-of-<em>n</em> model to a multi-state framework, where both the components and system could exhibit varying operational conditions. In specific, firstly, the definition of the <em>k</em>-out-of-<em>n: F</em> balanced system is given by introducing a multi-state system model in which the components could be fully operational, partially operational, or failed. Secondly, we describe the system balance condition which is redefined to maintain an equal number of operational components in different working levels across in an individual sector. Thirdly, the new reliability formulas will be derived that account for the system reliability, utilizing both the order statistics and Markov chain model techniques. Finally, numerical examples highlight the practical implications and improved realism of the proposed reliability models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54500,"journal":{"name":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 111291"},"PeriodicalIF":11.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Multi-state k-out-of-n: F network system performance evaluation by considering a balance dependence mechanism\",\"authors\":\"Hongda Gao , Tengfei Tu , Chen Fang , Xiaoguang Zhou\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ress.2025.111291\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>In recent years, the balanced system reliability models have attracted a lot of research interests because of its strong application potential, for example in the fields of unmanned systems, energy supply systems, and production systems, etc. Network models exist widely in reality, which gives birth to the research of equilibrium system model under network structure. This study extends the binary-state <em>k</em>-out-of-<em>n</em> model to a multi-state framework, where both the components and system could exhibit varying operational conditions. In specific, firstly, the definition of the <em>k</em>-out-of-<em>n: F</em> balanced system is given by introducing a multi-state system model in which the components could be fully operational, partially operational, or failed. Secondly, we describe the system balance condition which is redefined to maintain an equal number of operational components in different working levels across in an individual sector. Thirdly, the new reliability formulas will be derived that account for the system reliability, utilizing both the order statistics and Markov chain model techniques. Finally, numerical examples highlight the practical implications and improved realism of the proposed reliability models.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54500,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Reliability Engineering & System Safety\",\"volume\":\"264 \",\"pages\":\"Article 111291\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":11.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-05-28\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Reliability Engineering & System Safety\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832025004922\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Reliability Engineering & System Safety","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0951832025004922","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, INDUSTRIAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-state k-out-of-n: F network system performance evaluation by considering a balance dependence mechanism
In recent years, the balanced system reliability models have attracted a lot of research interests because of its strong application potential, for example in the fields of unmanned systems, energy supply systems, and production systems, etc. Network models exist widely in reality, which gives birth to the research of equilibrium system model under network structure. This study extends the binary-state k-out-of-n model to a multi-state framework, where both the components and system could exhibit varying operational conditions. In specific, firstly, the definition of the k-out-of-n: F balanced system is given by introducing a multi-state system model in which the components could be fully operational, partially operational, or failed. Secondly, we describe the system balance condition which is redefined to maintain an equal number of operational components in different working levels across in an individual sector. Thirdly, the new reliability formulas will be derived that account for the system reliability, utilizing both the order statistics and Markov chain model techniques. Finally, numerical examples highlight the practical implications and improved realism of the proposed reliability models.
期刊介绍:
Elsevier publishes Reliability Engineering & System Safety in association with the European Safety and Reliability Association and the Safety Engineering and Risk Analysis Division. The international journal is devoted to developing and applying methods to enhance the safety and reliability of complex technological systems, like nuclear power plants, chemical plants, hazardous waste facilities, space systems, offshore and maritime systems, transportation systems, constructed infrastructure, and manufacturing plants. The journal normally publishes only articles that involve the analysis of substantive problems related to the reliability of complex systems or present techniques and/or theoretical results that have a discernable relationship to the solution of such problems. An important aim is to balance academic material and practical applications.