Parenting and polygenic influences: Investigating gene-environment correlations in disruptive child behavior.

Disruptive behavior increases the risk of developing more severe behavior problems later in life, including antisocial and criminal behavior. Parents behavior, and possibly their genetic makeup as well, plays a key role in shaping their children's disruptive behavior. We examined gene-environment (parenting) correlations as underlying mechanisms for disruptive child behavior in a cross-sectional study. Polygenic scores for disruptive and externalizing behavior (PGS-DB and PGS-EXT) and parent-reported harsh and warm-supportive parenting were measured in 288 Dutch parent-child pairs (Child M _age = 6.26, SD = 1.31, 48% girls) with above-average parent-reported disruptive behavior. Harsh and warm-supportive parenting and children's PGS-DB were associated with disruptive child behavior (β = .23, .10 and .15, respectively), but no evidence emerged for gene-environment correlations or genetic nurture. However, harsh parenting was found to partially mediate the link between parental PGS-EXT and disruptive child behavior (β = .04). These findings suggest that the choice of polygenic scores may influence the ability to detect genetic nurture as a relevant mechanism underlying disruptive child behavior.