Trends and advances in liposome formulation technology with an emphasis on ensuring safety and quality in food and drug applications

Liposomes (LPs) are capable of transporting a wide range of bioactive compounds (BACs) that have significant applications in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. These BACs can be administered through various routes, including parenteral (injection), oral ingestion, or transdermal absorption. In addition, there have been limited studies conducted on the toxicological and safety aspects of LPs. This highlights the need for more research to be conducted on the potential risks of oral exposure before considering their use in food applications. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to present the latest information on the composition of LP, the materials used to coat LPs for applications in the pharmaceutical and food industries to enhance the stability of LPs containing delicate BACs, and the absorption of LPs and commercially available liposomal products produced using different technologies in the market. In addition, this paper revisits various advanced technologies used in the field of food and nutraceutical processing. These technologies include the supercritical fluid method, supercritical antisolvent method, supercritical reverse phase evaporation method, micro-fluidization, and ultrasonication. The article also discusses the applications of these technologies.