Enhancing resilience of power-transportation coupled networks to typhoons: A tri-stage integration strategy of multi-resources

With the increasing frequency and severity of extreme disaster events, enhancing the resilience of urban power grids has become critical. Most studies focus on distribution networks (DNs) without considering the important coupling relationship between transportation networks (TNs) and DNs. This paper addresses this gap by proposing a tri-stage resilience improvement method for power–transportation coupled networks (PTNs), incorporating flexible resources. The approach includes three models: (1) a pre-allocation model with a line hardening strategy based on vulnerability index for defense, (2) a failure response model that analyzes the impact of typhoons on PTN and minimizes load reduction in the DN, and (3) a restoration model that integrates emergency repair crews and mobile energy storage, optimized via linear programming. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using a PTN with the IEEE 33-bus distribution test system and its corresponding TN. Results demonstrate that the resilience of PTN can be enhanced effectively by applying the proposed tri-stage method.